宋金社火:从“京师格范”到“民间样态”的演变

Song and Jin Shehuo:The Evolution from“The Capital Norms”to“Folk Styles”

山西壶关上好牢宋金一号墓的社火演出壁画,反映了宋金社火在民间社会的演出形态。就壁画本身而言,其所展示的是迄今为止发现的人数最多、色彩最艳、表演最生动、画面最完整的、有乐队伴奏的社火演出图景,演出内容主要有“乔亲事”“瞎判官”“夹棒”“屏风”“村田乐”等,与南宋朱玉《灯戏图》所展现的内容基本一致。两相比较,可以发现宋金社火演出从“京师格范”到“民间样态”的演变历程。

The mural of the shehuo performance in No.1 Song and Jin Tomb at Shanghaolao,Huguan,Shanxi Province,reflects the performance form in the folk society of Song and Jin.The mural is a panorama of the shehuo performance accompanied by a folk orchestra,one that has been found with the largest number of people,the brightest colors,the most vivid performance,and the most complete picture.In terms of the content,the performance included“Performed Marriage”,“Blind Judge”,“Pinching Sticks”,“Folding Screen”,and“Village Music”,which is basically the same as the content shown in Zhu Yu's“Dancing During the Lantern”drawn in the Southern Song Dynasty.The comparison between the two paintings helps to explain the evolution of the Song and Jin shehuo performances from“the capital norms”to“folk styles”.