“大行散乐”图新考及戏剧研究图像学方法反思

A New Discovery about Da Xing San Yue and An Reflection on Drama Research Imagology

图文互证和图像系统构建是戏剧图像证史的两条重要路径,图像属性确定是研究的基础。元代散乐由教坊司所掌,成为礼乐的一部分。在这样的背景下,“皇帝遣使致祭”的广胜寺水神庙地方性献乐应由元教坊司所掌合法的散乐来完成。“大行散乐”区别于太常乐,其名取法汉代,汉代大鸿胪属官有“大行丞”“大行令”,因是“主谥官”而得“大行”之名。从“大行”辨析可看出,图像的性质决定研究的方向。图像之间具有戏剧史意义真正关联性是戏剧图像系统建构的关键,无内在关联性的图像系统容易生成假问题。

Mutual verification between images and text and image system construction are two main research approaches to explore the history of dramatic imagery.And the identification of image nature is the key of research.San Yue in Yuan Dynasty,controlled by Jiaofangsi(an office in charge of imperial music),was performed as local music composed for imperial court in Water God Temple located in Guangsheng,where emperors sent officials to offer sacrifice.Court music is different from Da Xing San Yue,which was named in Han Dynasty,when there was a position title called Minister Herald with attached officials like“Daxing Minister”and“Daxing Officers”who were“Principle posthumous official”,hence the name“Daxing San Yue”.From the analysis of“Daxing”,we find that it is the nature of image that decides the direction of research.The true relevance between images concerning its significance in dramatic history is the key to image system construction,while a lack of relevance in image system probably generates false problems.