浅议刑事个案犯罪信息研判中的混合假言三段论

Mixed Hypothesis Syllogism and Its Informal Fallacies in the Study and Judgement of Criminal Information in Criminal Cases

在刑事犯罪个案侦查中,为了最终发现、查明和确认犯罪事实,确定犯罪嫌疑人,必须进行刑事个案犯罪信息研判。混合假言三段论是刑事个案犯罪信息研判中最常用的一种假言推理。假言推理是前提中包含至少一个假言判断的推理,可以分为多种类型;假言判断是在某对象具有或者不具有某一属性的假设之下,断言该对象也具有或者不具有另一属性的判断。混合假言三段论是以一个假言判断和另一肯定或者否定其前件或后件的判断为前提进行的推理。根据是否遵守推理规则以及结论的性质,刑事个案犯罪信息研判中的混合假言三段论可以分为混合假言三段论必然式、混合假言三段论或然式和混合假言三段论无效式。刑事个案犯罪信息研判中的混合假言三段论具有自身的优点和缺点,因此,在刑事个案犯罪信息研判中运用它时还要遵守一些合理性原则,同时要避免非形式谬误。

In the investigation of criminal cases,in order to finally discover,ascertain and confirm the criminal facts and identify the criminal suspects,it is necessary to study and judge the criminal information of criminal cases.Mixed hypothetical syllogism is the most frequently used hypothetical reasoning in the study and judgement of criminal information.Hypothetical reasoning is the reasoning that contains at least one hypothetical judgment in the premise,which can be divided into many types.Hypothetical judgment is the judgment that an object must or does not have another attribute under the assumption that an object has or does not have another attribute.Mixed hypothetical syllogism is a reasoning based on the premise of one hypothetical judgment and another judgement affirming or negating its antecedent or consequent.According to whether to abide by the rules of reasoning and conclusion,mixed hypothesis syllogism can be divided into three types:necessary mixed hypothesis syllogism,probable mixed hypothesis syllogism and invalid mixed hypothesis syllogism.The mixed hypothetical syllogism in the study and judgment of criminal information in criminal cases has its own advantages and disadvantages.Therefore,when it is used in the study and judgment of criminal information in criminal cases,we should abide by some reasonable principles and avoid informal fallacies.