施肥外包服务对兼业农户化肥投入减量化的影响

The Influence of Fertilization Outsourcing Service on Fertilizer Input Reduction of Part-time Farmers

绿色生产对化肥投入提出减量化的要求,农户作为践行减量化施肥的主体,成为农业绿色发展的关键。本文分析了施肥外包服务对兼业农户施肥行为的影响,从理论与实证上检验兼业对农户施肥频率与施肥偏离量的影响,以及施肥外包服务在其中发挥的调节作用。本文利用黑龙江、浙江、四川及河南4个省份128个村庄478个农户690个地块数据对上述影响进行检验,并得出如下结论,农业劳动力短缺会使得兼业农户减少施肥次数,但是会通过增加施肥量来弥补因施肥次数减少而导致的施肥不足,反而使得施肥偏离经济最优水平。施肥外包服务能够缓解兼业农户施肥次数的减少,但是在兼业对农户施肥偏离的影响中没有产生显著的调节作用。因此,对于兼业农户而言,施肥外包服务这种“轻简”化的选择,并未带来明显的“轻量”化的结果。

Green production requires the reduction of fertilizer input,and farmers,as the main entity of reducing fertilizer application,become the key to the green development of agriculture.In this paper,the effects of fertilization outsourcing service on fertilization behavior of part-time farmers are analyzed,and the effects of part-time business on fertilization frequency and deviation of farmers are tested theoretically and empirically,as well as the moderating effect of fertilization outsourcing service.Based on data from Heilongjiang,Zhejiang,Sichuan and Henan 4 provinces,128 villages,478 households,690 plots,the paper draws the following conclusion:agricultural labor shortages will make multiple occupations farmers decrease the times of fertilization but can increase the fertilizer amount to compensate for insufficient by less fertilizer fertilization,makes the fertilization level deviating away from economic optimal level.Fertilization outsourcing service can alleviate the decrease of fertilization frequency of part-time farmers,but it has no significant moderating effect on the effect of part-time farming on fertilization deviation.Therefore,for part-time farmers,the“light and simple”choice of fertilization outsourcing service does not bring obvious“lightweight”results.