国际旅游地的语言景观与主客关系研究

LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE AND HOST-GUEST RELATIONSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL DESTINATIONS

主客关系是旅游研究的重要议题。不同于传统研究关注主客的直接交往,本文聚焦于语言景观这一物质媒介,基于其信息性和象征性的维度,提出了“主—语言景观—客”的概念框架,从工具理性和权力关系层面来解读国际旅游地的主客关系。运用问卷调查法,在泰国曼谷和清迈向泰国居民、中国游客、非中国游客发起调查,研究发现东道主和游客对于中、英文语言景观的信息性和象征性有不同层面的认识,间接地反映了主客之间的多重关系。语言景观作为物质媒介塑造了公共空间,能动地将游客和东道主联系起来。本研究拓展了国际旅游地主客关系的研究视野,并丰富了语言景观在旅游地理领域的研究成果。

As an important research topic of international tourism,the host-guest relationship has been widely concerned.Previous research on the host-guest relationship has mostly discussed the direct interaction,and those explicit power conflicts and cultural exchanges have been fully analyzed.However,limited studies focus on the indirect host-guest relationship built upon material media.In the context of international tourism,hosts and tourists usually have different linguistic and cultural backgrounds,so the linguistic landscape becomes the intermediary of communication,and thus reflects the silent interaction between different groups in public space.Based on the cultural meaning of material landscape as an intermediate medium,this paper interprets the host-guest relationship in international destinations from the perspective of instrumental rationality and power relationship.Questionnaires were distributed to Thai residents,Chinese tourists,and nonChinese tourists in Thailand.392 questionnaires of Thai residents and 296 questionnaires of Chinese tourists and 194 questionnaires of non-Chinese tourists were obtained.T-test analysis by SPSS was utilized to compare the cognition differences between Chinese and English linguistic landscapes in informative and symbolic dimensions,and the results show that:1)The cognitive differences between residents and tourists are not significant,but there is a great difference in the symbolic dimension of linguistic landscapes;2)Thai residents'cognition of Chinese linguistic landscape is weaker than that of English linguistic landscape,both in informative and symbolic dimensions;3)Compared with non-Chinese tourists,Chinese tourists generally have a stronger symbolic cognition of linguistic landscape.