20世纪80年代美苏关于艾滋病溯源问题的认知战

The U.S.-Soviet‘War of Ideas'on the Origin of AIDS in the 1980s

1980年艾滋病在美国出现后,艾滋病溯源问题在冷战氛围中迅速被政治化,美苏两国围绕这一问题展开了激烈的认知战。苏联和东欧国家的情报部门采取“积极措施”,以“艾滋病是美国军方制造的生物武器”为核心信息发动对美宣传和政治攻势。这在一定程度上引发了国际上的反美和恐美情绪,影响了美国及其盟国与第三世界国家的关系。里根总统上台后,美国不断强化对苏冷战态势,专门成立了“积极措施工作组”,以应对苏联关于艾滋病起源问题的舆论攻击。最终,苏联“新思维”政策的实施和美苏关系的改善使这场认知战走向终结。艾滋病溯源问题的政治化反映了冷战后期美苏情报战、信息战与冷战进程的互动关系,妨碍了国际公共卫生问题的全球治理。它的终结也表明,只有摒弃病毒溯源问题政治化的思维,跳出意识形态的樊篱,加强国际合作才能遏止病毒蔓延的势头,找到对抗病毒的方法。

In 1980,AIDS emerged as an unknown dangerous virus in the U.S.The origin tracing issue was subsequently politicised rapidly in the atmosphere of the Cold War.A fierce‘War of Ideas'relating to this issue broke out between the U.S.and the Soviet Union.As the product of‘Active Measure'by intelligence institutions of the Soviet Union and its alliances,a political campaign emerged which core information was that AIDS was the biological weapon created by the U.S.military biological laboratory.This triggered the international anti-American sentiment and American phobia,and undermined the relationship between the U.S.with its alliances and the Third World.After President Reagan came into power,the U.S.founded the interagency‘Active Measure Working Group'to counter the disinformation.As the Soviet leader Gorbachev initiated the‘New Thinking'policy,KGB finally ceased the disinformation campaign.The issue of AIDS origin tracing reflects the interactions among the U.S.-Soviet intelligence war,information war and the course of the Cold War,and sabotages the global governance of international health issues.The end of‘War of Ideas'indicates that the best ways to defeat pandemic and virus are the strengthening of the international cooperation,other than politicisation and ideologicalisation。