翻译的政治:冷战初期洛克菲勒基金会与中国文协翻译计划

The Politics of Translation:The Translation Project of the Rockefeller Foundation and the Chinese Literary Association in the Early Cold War

冷战初期,美国私人基金会以宣传美国价值观为目的,发起一系列跨国文学活动,试图影响对象国的文化。从1947年到1952年,洛克菲勒基金会计划移植其在世界其他地区的人文合作经验,通过与中国福利基金会建立双边合作关系,赞助中国文协翻译出版一批美国作品,隐蔽地影响战后中国文化走向。这项翻译计划带有鲜明的早期文化冷战意味,但中国文协希望借此机会,为中国文学的恢复与发展寻求资源,并尝试将中国现代文学推向世界。这项计划并非由洛克菲勒基金会单方主导,新中国成立前后政治环境的变化、文化政策的转向和中方参与者的思想发展也在很大程度上决定了该项目的最终命运。冷战局势的变化促使洛克菲勒基金会暂时退出中国内地地区,重新规划其全球布局。

During the early stage of the Cold War,the American private foundations,with the aim of propagating the American values,launched a number of transnational literary activities as an attempt to influence the culture of the target countries.From 1947 to 1952,the Rockefeller Foundation planned to apply its humanities cooperation experience from other regions of the world into China by building up a bilateral cooperation partnership with the China Welfare Fund and patronising the translation of numerous American works through the Chinese Literary Association,hoping to covertly influence the direction of the postwar Chinese culture.This translation project was a clear sign of the early cultural Cold War,but the Chinese Literary Association intended to use this opportunity to seek resources for the renewal and development of the Chinese literature and to promote modern Chinese literature to the world.It was not solely dominated by the Rockefeller Foundation.Instead,the factors that the changing of the political environment,the direction of cultural policies and the intellectual development of the Chinese participants around the founding of the People's Republic of China determined the final fate of this project to a great degree.Besides,the changing situation of the Cold War led the Rockefeller Foundation to temporarily withdraw from the Chinese mainland and reorganise its global planning.