阿米尔·卡比尔改革与伊朗现代化的开端

Amir Kabir's Reform and the Initiation of Iran's Early Modernisation

阿米尔·卡比尔改革是伊朗近代历史上首次全面铺开的早期现代化改革。承继伊朗的传统政治文化与汲取欧洲国家的有益成分,是阿米尔·卡比尔改革理念的核心和主要内容。基于该理念,阿米尔·卡比尔为近代伊朗开创了一种传统—现代混合型的改革新模式。这种改革模式在政治层面表现为传统波斯治国策论与现代威权主义精神相契合,在经济文化层面表现为民族工业和传统文化复兴与现代化建设相衔接,在外交层面表现为波斯传统对外交往之术与现代独立主权外交理念相融合,在军事层面表现为传统征兵制度的时代跃进与新式军备技术相结合。阿米尔·卡比尔改革是伊朗早期现代化的开端,其改革举措不仅巩固了恺加王朝的统治秩序,实现了波斯传统在恺加时代的传承与创新,也率先推动了伊朗传统社会向现代化转型,为伊朗国家现代化进程提供了宝贵的历史经验。

Amir Kabir's reform is the first comprehensive reform of early modernisation in Iran's modern history.Inheriting from the Iranian traditional political culture and absorbing beneficial elements from the European countries are the core and main contents of Amir Kabir's reform idea.Based on this idea,Amir Kabir initiated a new model of traditional-modern hybrid reform for modern Iran.This reform model is embodied in the combination of the traditional Persian state-policy and modern authorisation spirit at the political level,the integration of national industry and traditional cultural revival with modernisation at the economic and cultural level,the integration of the Persian traditional foreign exchange skills with modern independent and sovereign diplomatic ideas at the diplomatic level,and the integration of traditional conscription system with new armament technology at the military level.Amir Kabir's reform is the beginning of Iran's early modernisation.His reform measures not only consolidated the ruling order of the Qajar dynasty,but also realised the inheritance and innovation of the Persian tradition in the Qajar era.Furthermore,it took the lead in promoting the transformation of Iran's traditional society to modernisation and provided valuable historical experience for the modernisation process of Iran.