锂离子动力电池热失控机理及热管理技术研究进展

Thermal Runway Mechanism and Research Progress on Thermal Management of Lithium-ion Power Batteries

锂离子动力电池作为新能源汽车的直接能量来源,对整车的安全性和耐用性起到决定性作用。随着社会发展对动力电池能量密度和使用环境要求的不断提高,以热失控为代表的动力电池安全事故频发,严重限制新能源汽车的大规模普及。因此,深入研究动力电池热失控机理并优化相应的热管理技术成为亟待解决的问题。本文从锂离子动力电池热失控现象出发,系统总结热失控的演化过程,阐明机械、热、电及内短路导致电池热失控的机制。基于此,本文全面总结目前对锂离子动力电池热管理技术的研究思路,并对未来提高锂离子动力电池系统安全性的策略进行展望。

Lithium ion power batteries(LIPSs),as the direct energy source of new energy vehicle,directly affects the reliability and durability of vehicle.With the rapid improvement of LIPSs in energy density and application environment,the safety accidents characterized by thermal runaway have occurred frequently,which seriously limit the wide application of vehicles.Therefore,studying the thermal runway mechanism and optimize the corresponding thermal management technology is becoming increasingly urgent for the development of vehicles.From a phenomenon of thermal runway,a comprehensive evolution process of thermal runaway within LIPSs used in vehicle is summarized,clarifying the various abuse condition and failure mechanisms.Herein,up-to-date thermal management technology to improve the safety of lithium ion power batteries are summarized comprehensively,with prospection of the strategies to improve the safety of LIPS system in the future.