病历回顾性研究的可视化分析及方法学刍议

Visual analysis and methodology of retrospective chart review

病历回顾性研究(RCR)是指基于现有的患者病历资料或相关数据库,通过数据提取、数据整理、统计分析等一系列研究流程以回答特定研究问题的一类回顾性研究。依托于医疗大数据的持续发展,加之实施流程相对简单、信息获取成本较低,RCR在医学研究领域中的应用日益广泛。本文对近5年内SCI收录的高质量RCR进行可视化分析,通过分析发文量特征、国家/地区与机构合作网络、作者合作网络、关键词共现与聚类网络来探索、总结当前研究现状及热点;同时进一步从研究问题与假设、病历资料适用性、研究方案设计、伦理许可、数据收集、统计分析、结果解读、研究报告规范8个方面系统梳理此类研究的方法学内核。通过总结已发表RCR不足之处、独特优势和应用前景,为RCR在未来医学研究领域的合理化、规范化应用提供方法学指导和建议。

Retrospective chart review(RCR)is a type of research that answers specific research questions based on the existing patient medical records or related databases through a series of research processes including data extraction,data collation,statistical analysis,etc.Relying on the development of medical big data,as well as the relatively simple implementation process and low cost of information acquisition,RCR is increasingly used in the medical research field.In this paper,we conducted the visual analysis of high-quality RCR published in the past five years,and explored and summarized the current research status and hotspots by analyzing the characteristics of the number of publications,national/regional and institutional cooperation networks,author cooperation networks,keyword co-occurrence and clustering networks.We further systematically combed the methodological core of this kind of research from eight aspects:research question and hypothesis,applicability of chart,study design,data collecting,statistical analysis,interpretation of results,and reporting specification.By summarizing the shortcomings,unique advantages and application prospects of RCR,providing guidance and suggestions for the standardized application of RCR in the medical research field in the future.