表露过程模型指导下的自我表露干预对HIV/AIDS患者心理困扰及自我表露的影响

Effects of self-disclosure intervention under the guidance of the disclosure process model on psychological distress and self-disclosure in HIV/AIDS patients

目的 探讨表露过程模型指导下的自我表露干预对HIV/AIDS患者心理困扰及自我表露的影响。方法便利抽样法选取HIV/AIDS患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组。对照组接受常规护理,观察组在此基础上进行5周的自我表露干预。干预前(T_(0))、干预结束时(T_(1))及干预后1个月(T_(2))分别采用中文版痛苦表露指数量表(DDI)、简易心理状况评定量表(Kessler 10)比较两组的自我表露水平和心理困扰程度。结果 共纳入58名患者,观察组和对照组各29例。干预后,观察组在T_(1)、T_(2)的自我表露得分为(37.52±2.40)、(37.93±2.60)分,较T0(35.86±2.52)分明显提高,且均高于对照组(35.55±3.41)、(35.59±3.38)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组T_(1)、T_(2)的心理困扰得分为(19.34±4.84)、(18.83±4.69)分,较T_(0)(21.28±4.78)分明显下降,且均低于对照组(22.03±2.95)、(22.10±2.90)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组时间与干预的交互作用显著(P<0.05)。对照组干预前后,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 表露过程模型指导下的自我表露干预可有效提高患者的自我表露水平,减轻其心理困扰程度。

Objective To investigate the effect of the self-disclosure intervention on psychological distress and selfdisclosure in people living with HIV(PLWH). Methods PLWHs were selected by convenience sampling and divided into an observation group and a control group by random number table method. The control group received routine care and the observation group underwent additional 5-week self-disclosure intervention. The Chinese version of the Pain Disclosure Index Scale(DDI) and the Simple Psychological Status Rating Scale(Kessler 10) were used before the intervention(T_(0)), at the end of the intervention(T_(1)) and 1 month after the intervention(T_(2)) to compare the self-disclosure level and psychological distress level of the two groups. Results A total of 58 patients were enrolled, with 29 cases in the observation group and 29 in the control group. After the intervention, the self-disclosure scores of T_(1) and T_(2) in the observation group were(37.52±2.40) and(37.93±2.60), which were significantly higher than those in T_(0)(35.86±2.52), and were higher than those in the control group(35.55±3.41) and(35.59±3.38), with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). The psychological distress scores of T_(1) and T_(2) in the observation group were(19.34±4.84) and(18.83±4.69).Compared with T_(0)(21.28±4.78), the difference was significantly lower than that of the control group(22.03±2.95) and(22.10±2.90), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The interaction of time and intervention between the two groups was significant(P<0.05). There were no significant differences before and after the intervention in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions Self-disclosure intervention guided by the disclosure process model can effectively improve the self-disclosure level of patients and reduce their psychological distress.