中国省域营商环境的测度、评估与区域分异

China's Provincial Business Environment:Measurement,Assessment and Regional Differentiation

优化营商环境是加快构建国内统一大市场,实现新时代区域协调高质量发展的现实需求,也是推动全面建设社会主义现代化国家的内在需要。基于熵权TOPSIS法,从市场环境、政务环境、商务环境、开放环境、法治环境、公共服务6个维度构建了营商环境评价指标体系,测度和评估了“十三五”时期中国省域营商环境综合水平,并对营商环境的区域分异进行了剖析。结果发现:(1)各省域营商环境综合评价等级的稳定性和波动性并存。(2)各省域营商环境综合水平存在较大的省际和区域差异,整体呈现出时空上的梯度演化特征。(3)各省域营商环境与理想营商环境之间存在较大的优化空间。研究认为,构建“政府—市场—社会”多元治理型评价体系,对标找差修复各省域营商环境短板,着力缩小东中西区域营商环境综合水平差距,是构建一流营商环境的可行思路。

Improving the business environment is a realistic need to speed up the building of unified domestic market and realize coordinated and high-quality development among regions in the new era. It is also an inherent need to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way. This study constructs the evaluation system of business environment from six dimensions: market environment, government environment, commercial environment, open environment, legal environment and public service. Based on the entropy TOPSIS method,it measures and evaluates the comprehensive level of business environment in China's provinces during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, and analyzes the regional differentiation of business environment. The results are as follows: 1) The stability and volatility of the comprehensive evaluation of business environment in each province coexist. 2) There are significant provincial and regional differences in the comprehensive level of business environment in each province, it presents the overall gradient evolution characteristics in time and space. 3) There is a large space for optimization between the business environment of each province and the ideal business environment. It puts forward some feasible suggestions for building first-class business environment, which includes establishing a multi-governance evaluation system based on government-market-society,identifying and making up for the sub-environment weakness of provincial-business environment, and focusing on narrowing the gap in the comprehensive level of business environment in the eastern, central and western regions.