中国校企技术转移网络的时空特征及形成机制

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Formation Mechanism of University-enterprise Technology Transfer Network in China

强化高校对企业创新的支撑是建成世界科技强国的必由之路。基于2001—2021年高校—企业专利转让数据,系统分析中国校企技术转移网络的时空特征及形成机制。研究发现:(1)校企技术转移网络由随机松散分布转向“核心—边缘”结构,高校技术主要由综合类和理工类“985/211”高校转向科学研究与技术服务业和制造业企业,热门专利长期聚焦于电力机械、医学技术、测试测量等企业缺乏国际竞争优势的领域。(2)市内校企技术转移主要发生于高校资源密集的省会和直辖市;市际校企技术转移呈现“北出南进”特点,并从等级扩散转向等级扩散与传染扩散并存;跨区域校企技术转移网络由京津和长三角“双核”结构转为京津、长三角、珠三角、成渝为核心的“菱形”结构。(3)校企技术转移网络演化是多种因素通过高校技术转移政策利导、产业结构转型升级、技术供需空间相对错位、地理邻近与技术邻近综合作用在地理空间上的投影。

In order to build China into the world power of science and technology,it is essential to improve the support of university for enterprise innovative development. Based on the data of university-enterprise patent transfer from 2001 to2021 in China, this paper describes the spatial evolution and formation mechanism of university-enterprise technology transfer(UETT) network using the methods of social network analysis, ArcGIS spatial analysis, and negative binomial regression. The major findings are: 1) UETT network shifts from random loose connections to core-peripheral structure,and university patents are mainly assigned from comprehensive and science and engineering 985/211 universities to enterprises of scientific research and technical service and manufacturing. The most popular assigned patents maintain in the fields of electrical machinery, medical technology, and measuring and testing, where Chinese enterprises have long lacked international competitive advantages. 2) Local UETT network are mainly distributed in municipalities and provincial capitals,intercity UETT network is largely formed by north-south linkages through hierarchical diffusion,and UETT network is trapezoidal-shaped and anchored by Beijing-Tianjin region, Yangtze River Delta region, Pearl River Delta region,and Sichuan-Chongqing region. 3) The evolution of UETT network is the result of various factors through the synthetic effect of university technology transfer policy, industrial structural transformation and upgrading, relative mismatch between the supply and demand sides of UETT, and geographical and technological proximity.