生物美学批评:生物符号学的视域介入

Bioaesthetics Criticism:A Biosemiotic Approach

生物符号学(biosemiotics)在实用主义符号学、有机生物学以及动物行为研究等综合影响下,试图将符号范式由人类文化领域延伸至广阔的自然世界,其核心便是探究生物体的符号生成与阐释能力。作为跨越人文与自然壁垒的广义符号学说,生物符号学同时面对人类中心主义与新达尔文主义的双重考验。在皮尔斯的符号类型学以及于克斯库尔的主体世界架构下,本文通过借鉴生物行为研究成果揭示生命世界的多模态以及层级化符号现象;以生物体的符号自由与进化支架为契机,建模分析异源物种的诗意属性;以欺骗性、展示性和仪式化作为共同进化的生物美学的关键要素,探讨生物体在欺骗、交配以及游戏博弈当中的美感判断。

Under the comprehensive influence of pragmatic semiotics,biology and animal behavioural studies,the science of biosemiotics has extended the sign system paradigm from the sphere of human culture to the natural world.The core aim of biosemiotics is to explore living organisms'ability to generate and interpret signs.As a field that straddles the social and natural sciences,biosemiotics faces criticisms of anthropocentrismandneo-Darwinism.Accordingtothe framework of Peircean sign typology and Uexkull's umwelt theory,semiotic phenomena in the biological world have multi-modalities and hierarchical characteristics that are revealed in biological behaviours.Taking semiotic freedom and evolutionary scaffolding as an opportunity,the poetic attributes of allo-animals can be modelled and analysed.Taking deception,display and ritualisation as the key elements of biologically co-evolutionary aesthetics,this paper discusses the aesthetic judgment of organisms in cheating,mating and games.