男性感染HIV强制隔离戒毒人员认知行为状态的质性研究

A Qualitative Study on the Cognitive and Behavioral Status of Male HIV Infected Drug Addcits in Compulsory Isolated Drug Rehabilition Center

目的:了解男性感染HIV强制隔离戒毒人员(以下简称“强戒人员”)对于HIV/AIDS防治和吸毒、戒毒的相关认知行为。方法:采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对20名男性感染HIV强戒人员进行半结构式的深入访谈,了解强戒人员对于HIV/AIDS防治和吸毒、戒毒的相关认知行为,采用Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈资料进行分析和整理。结果:20名受访者中大专及以上学历16人,除感染HIV以外20人全部患有其他慢性疾病,文化水平高于强戒人员总体水平,健康素养水平较高;对HIV/AIDS虽有正确认识,仍缺乏应有的重视,对感染HIV没有困扰,总体健康状况不佳,共病精神障碍比例高;缺乏警惕性,误入吸毒之路,能够正视毒品的危害,希望戒毒,小部分被访者戒毒动力不足。结论:男性感染HIV强戒人员HIV/AIDS防治和吸毒、戒毒的相关认知行为不利于HIV/AIDS的防治与戒毒工作,相关医务人员和戒毒所应开展个性化、多元化的教育,引导这部分强戒人员防病治病,出所后远离毒品并在防治HIV方面发挥同伴教育的积极作用。

Objective:To understand the cognition and behavior of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment,drug abuse and detoxification among male HIV infected drug addcits in compulsory isolated drug rehabilition center.Methods:The phenomenological research method in qualitative research was used to conduct a semi-structured in-depth interview with 20male HIV infected drug addcits in compulsory isolated drug rehabilition center to understand their cognition and behavior related to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment,drug abuse and detoxification.The interview data were analyzed and sorted out using the Colaizzi seven-step analysis method.Results:Among the 20 respondents,16 respondents had college degree or above,and all of them had other chronic diseases except HIV infection.Their education level was higher than the general level of the compulsory education personnel,and their health literacy level was higher.Although they had a correct understanding of HIV/AIDS,they still lack due attention,no trouble with HIV infection,poor overall health,and a high proportion of comorbid mental disorders.Meanwhile,also lack of vigilance,straying into the road of drug abuse,being able to face up to the dangers of drugs,and hoping to get rid of drugs.A small number of respondents had insufficient motivation to get rid of drugs.Conclusion:HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment,drug abuse and drug abstinence related cognitive behaviors of male HIV-infected compulsory abstainers are not conducive to the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.Relevant medical staff and drug rehabilitation centers should carry out personalized and diversified education to guide these compulsory abstainers to prevent and treat diseases,stay away from drugs after leaving the hospital and play a positive role in peer education in HIV prevention and treatment.