数字经济背景下互联网平台滥用市场支配地位行为的认定

Determination of Abuse of Dominant Position of Internet Platform under the Background of Digital Economy

在数字经济背景下,数据、算法、流量等因素成为市场竞争的核心要素。尽管传统相关市场界定方法仍有适用空间,但必须根据互联网平台的双边市场结构、网络效应、锁定效应等特征进行调整。面对市场份额弱化、新型市场壁垒等问题的冲击,判断市场支配地位需要在结合互联网平台特征的基础上做出相应的改变。随着算法与人工智能等新技术被广泛运用于市场经营中,滥用市场支配地位行为的表现形式更加多样,同时也更为隐蔽,其违法性判断的难度进一步加大。限制竞争效果应该从对市场竞争和消费者利益的影响两方面出发,在个案中予以界定。互联网平台天然具有一定程度的垄断特征,这并不必然具有违法性与可罚性。在包容审慎的执法理念下,应该从反垄断法价值追求的角度出发界定正当理由,且不能设立过于严格的适用标准。

Under the background of digital economy,data,algorithm,traffic and other factors become the core elements of market competition.Although the traditional definition method of relevant market still has room for application,it must be required to adjust according to the characteristics of two-sided market structure,network effect and lock-in effect of internet platform.In the face of the impact of market dominance weakening,emerging market barriers and other issues,the judgment of market dominance needs to make corresponding changes based on the characteristics of internet platforms.As algorithms,artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies are widely used in market operation,the forms of the abuse of the dominance of market position are more diverse and hidden,and the dificulty of judging illegality is further increased.The effect of restricting competition should be defined from the market competition and consumer interests in individual cases.Even if the internet platform naturally has a certain degree of monopoly characteristics,it is not necessarily illegal and punishable.At the same time,under the concept of inclusive and prudent law-enforcement,the just cause should be defined from the angle of the value pursuit of anti-monopoly law,and the application standards should not be too strict.