黄芪多糖联合新城疫疫苗胚胎免疫对雏鸡免疫器官发育的影响

Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide combined with Newcastle disease vaccine via embryo immunization on the development of immune organs in chicks

为了探究黄芪多糖(APS)联合新城疫(ND)疫苗进行胚胎免疫对雏鸡免疫器官发育的影响,试验将300枚SPF种蛋置于孵化箱中孵化,在18.5胚龄时用APS佐剂联合ND疫苗进行胚胎免疫(APS+NDV组),同时设置APS组(注射APS)、NDV组(ND疫苗)、对照组(注射生理盐水),雏鸡出壳后在3,7,14,21,28日龄测定脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺三种免疫器官的器官指数并观察其形态学变化。结果表明:APS+NDV组脾脏指数在3,7,14,21日龄显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在7,14,21日龄均显著高于NDV组(P<0.05),7,14日龄显著高于APS组(P<0.05);APS+NDV组法氏囊指数在3,7,14,21,28日龄显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在3,7,14日龄均显著高于NDV组(P<0.05),14,21日龄显著高于APS组(P<0.05);APS+NDV组胸腺指数3,7,14日龄均显著高于对照组和NDV组(P<0.05)。14,21日龄时,APS+NDV组脾脏生发中心总面积占视野的比例、法氏囊小结髓质面积与皮质面积的比值显著高于NDV组与对照组(P<0.05);3,7,14日龄时,APS+NDV组胸腺小叶皮质直径与髓质直径比值显著低于对照组和NDV组(P<0.05);14日龄时,APS+NDV组胸腺皮质直径与髓质直径比值显著低于APS组(P<0.05)。说明用APS联合ND疫苗进行胚胎免疫可促进雏鸡免疫器官的发育,提高ND疫苗的免疫效果。

In order to explore the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide combined with Newcastle disease vaccine via embryo immunization on the development of immune organs in chicks, in this experiment, 300 SPF eggs were incubated in an incubator, and at 18.5 embryo age, embryo immunization was performed with Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) adjuvant combined with Newcastle disease(ND) vaccine(APS+NDV group);at the same time, the APS group(injection of Astragalus polysaccharide), NDV group(injection of Newcastle disease vaccine), and control group(injection of normal saline) were set up. After the embryo emerged, the organ indexes of the three immune organs of the spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius of chicks were determined at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age and the morphological changes were observed. The results showed that the spleen index of APS+NDV group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 3, 7, 14, 21 days of age(P<0.05), significantly higher than that of the NDV group(P<0.05) at 7, 14, 21 days of age, and significantly higher than that of the APS group(P<0.05) at 7, 14 days of age. The bursal index of APS+NDV group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days of age(P<0.05), significantly higher than that of the NDV group(P<0.05) at 3, 7 and 14 days of age, and significantly higher than that of the APS group(P<0.05) at 14 and 21 days of age. The thymus index of the APS+NDV group at 3, 7 and 14 days of age was significantly higher than those of the control group and the NDV group(P<0.05). At 14, 21 days of age, the ratio of splenic germinal center area to visual field and the ratio of bursal medullary area to cortical area in the APS+NDV group were significantly higher than those in the NDV group and the control group(P<0.05). At 3, 7, and 14 days of age, the ratio of thymic cortex to medullary diameter in the APS+NDV group was significantly lower than those in the control group and the NDV group(P<0.05). At 14 days of age, the ratio of thymus cortex to medullary diameter in the APS+NDV group was significantly lower than that in the APS group(P<0.05). The results suggested that embryo immunization with APS combined with ND vaccine could promote the development of immune organs of chicks and improve the immune effects of Newcastle disease vaccine.