马克思从对“类”的关注转到对现实个体的重视

Focus of Realistic Individual on Marx to Concerns about“Classes”

马克思从反对黑格尔的绝对精神到赞同费尔巴哈的人体学意义上“类本质”,摆脱了黑格尔的自我意识的束缚;然而,马克思并没有将所谓的“类存在”“、类生活”看作是人类追求的最终目标。马克思提出“类存在”、“类生活”是以“人是人的最高本质”作为理论前提的,“类本质”的观点则直接来自费尔巴哈。在马克思看来,克服“绝对精神”,回到“人本身”,才是最为重要的;但是,就人的本身而言,如果只是囿于费尔巴哈的“类本质”,只停留在人是“类存在”“、类生活”的这个“类”的局限里,还无法揭示“人”的感性活动的实践意义,还没有对现实的、具体的人即“人是一切社会关系的总和”给予切实的关注。马克思认为,只有到具体的、单个个人的现实生活中去寻找,才能发现人的本质,才能找到变革社会的根本力量,从而实现人的真正解放。

Marx is from objecting the absolute spirit to agree with"class nature"on the significance of Feuerbach's anthropological sense,which got rid of the bundle of self-sense of Hegel.However,Marx doesn't regard so-called"class existence'and"class life"as the final goals human being pursued because Marx put forwards that"class existence"and"class life"is based on"people is the highest nature of people"while"class nature"viewpoint is directly coming from Feuerbach.From the viewpoint of Marx,when coming back to"people themselve",it is necessary to overcome"absolute spirit",but what the people are on earth?If only because Feuerbach's"class nature"only stayed at the"classes"among limitation of"class existence"and"class life",it still couldn't disclose the practical significance of"people"of perceptual activity and it doesn't focus on realistic and concrete people,that is,"human being is the total of every social relationship".Marx thought that only you seek among concrete and individual realistic life,you can find the people's nature and find the fundamental power of changing society so as to realize the true liberation of people.