数据犯罪刑法规制的具象考察与策略优化

Concrete Investigation and Optimization Strategy of Criminal Law Regulation of Data Crime

以维护数据安全、释放数据价值为导向,构建符合我国数据犯罪特征的刑法规制模式,是立法者、司法者和研究者共同面临的不可回避的重要议题。我国刑法中尚未以数据法益为核心建立罪刑规范体系,刑法规制数据犯罪的行为链条和行为类型并不完整,仍存在明显的体系性不足与系统性缺陷,导致数据犯罪的刑法规制在立法层面和司法层面都面临困境,且难以通过刑法教义学的阐述来解决,因此数据犯罪刑法治理在立法论层面仍有很大提升空间。为了兼顾数据犯罪刑法规制模式的系统性与有效性,同时保持刑法介入社会治理的谦抑性,数据犯罪的刑法治理应贯彻“严而不厉”的基本思想。通过构建纵向维度与横向维度的治理链条,形成数据犯罪的立体化刑法治理体系,实现对数据犯罪行为从上游到下游的有效治理和对数据犯罪行为类型的全面规制。同时,应严格把握数据犯罪刑法治理的轻重程度,寻求社会治理与科技发展之间的平衡,谨守刑法不阻碍科技发展的底线。

In order to maintain data security and release the value of data,it is an unavoidable important issue for legislators,judiciaries and researchers to construct a criminal law regulation model that conforms to the characteristics of data crime in China.China's criminal law has not yet established a system of crime and punishment norms with data legal interests as the core,and the behavior chain and types of data crime regulated by criminal law are incomplete,and there are still obvious systemic deficiencies and systemic defects,which lead to the dilemma of criminal law regulation of data crime at the legislative and judicial levels,and it is difficult to solve it through the elaboration of criminal law doctrine.Therefore,there is still much room for improvement in the legislative level of criminal law governance of data crime.In order to give consideration to the effectiveness of the criminal law regulation mode of data crime and maintain the modesty of criminal law intervention in social governance,the basic idea of"strict but not severe"should be implemented in the criminal law governance of data crime.By constructing the governance chain of vertical and horizontal dimensions,a three-dimensional criminal law governance system of data crime is formed,which can effectively govern data crime from upstream to downstream and comprehensively regulate the types of data crime.At the same time,we should strictly grasp the degree of criminal law governance of data crime,seek the balance between social governance and the development of science and technology,and stick to the bottom line that criminal law does not hinder the development of science and technology.