湖北省贫困农村中小学生早餐行为现状及其影响因素

Breakfast behaviors and influential factors of primary and secondary school students in poor rural areas of Hubei Province

目的了解2019年湖北省农村贫困地区中小学生早餐行为现状及影响因素,为进一步开展农村学生营养改善计划提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,在湖北省实施农村义务教育学生营养改善计划的2个重点监测县中,按照学校食堂供餐、企业(单位)供餐和家庭(个人)供餐3种供餐模式,从每个县抽取小学、初中各2所,再从中抽取小学三年级至初中三年级(共7个年级)的学生,每个年级选取1~2个班,每个班40人左右,进行问卷调查。结果湖北省农村贫困地区中小学生每天吃早餐的比例为79.7%(1273/1598),小学生(83.9%,841/1002)高于初中生(72.5%,432/596),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=49.860,P<0.01)。贫困地区中小学生早餐食物种类充足的比例为18.8%(301/1598),小学生(21.4%,214/1002)高于初中生(14.6%,87/596),男生(21.3%,170/800)高于女生(16.4%,131/798),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.171,P<0.01;χ^(2)=6.106,P<0.05)。贫困地区中小学生早餐食用谷薯类、肉蛋类、奶豆类和果蔬类的比例分别为89.9%(1436/1598)、35.4%(565/1598)、28.0%(448/1598)和29.7%(475/1598),小学生早餐食用谷薯类和肉蛋类的比例均低于初中生,食用奶豆类和果蔬类的比例均高于初中生,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为32.808、15.405、19.241和40.400,P均<0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,走读生、女生、初中生早餐食物种类不充足的发生风险分别高于住校生、男生、小学生。结论湖北省农村贫困地区中小学生早餐食用频率较低,早餐营养质量较差,尤其需要关注走读生、女生和初中生早餐营养问题。应加强早餐营养知识宣传教育工作,改善贫困地区中小学生早餐食用频率低、质量差的问题。

Objective To investigate the breakfast behaviors and influential factors in primary and secondary school students in poor rural areas of Hubei Province,and provide scientific basis for carrying out nutrition improvement plan for rural students in 2019.Methods Based on stratified random cluster sampling method,2 primary and 2 secondary schools were selected based on 3 food supply modes(school,outsource,and family)in 2 key monitoring counties of Hubei Province covered by nutrition improvement program for rural compulsory education students.One class with around 40 students were randomly extracted from each Grade from Grade 3 to Grade 9.Background information and breakfast behaviors were collected through questionnaire survey.Results The proportion of primary and secondary students having breakfast every day was 79.7%(1273/1598),and it was higher in the primarystudents than in the secondary students(83.9%,841/1002 vs.72.5%,432/596,P<0.01).The proportion of breakfast food reaching 3 kinds or more was only 18.8%(301/1598),it was higher in the primary students than in the secondary students(21.4%,214/1002 vs.14.6%,87/596,P<0.01),and it was higher in the boys than in the girls(21.3%,170/800 vs.16.4%,131/798,P<0.05).The proportion of primary and secondary students who consumed cereals and potato,meat and eggs,milk and bean,fruit and vegetables was respectively 89.9%(1436/1598),35.4%(565/1598),28.0%(448/1598)and 29.7%(475/1598).The proportion of breakfast having cereals and potato,meat and eggs in primary students was less than that in secondary students(χ^(2)=32.808 and 15.405,P<0.01);and the proportion of breakfast having milk and bean,fruit and vegetables in primary students was higher than that in secondary students(χ^(2)=19.241 and 40.400,P<0.01).The results of multifactor analysis showed that day students,girls and primary students had a higher risk of insufficient breakfast food categories than resident students,boys and primary students.Conclusion The breakfast consumption rate of primary and secondary students in poor rural areas of Hubei Province was relatively low,and the nutrition quality of breakfast was poor,especially for day students,girls and primary students.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen nutrition education and improve the frequency and quality of breakfast for primary and secondary students in poor areas.