知信行个性化干预对海员膳食营养及健康状况的效果评价

Effect evaluation of knowledge,attitude and practice intervention on dietary nutritional status and physical health status of seafarers

目的评价营养健康知信行理论应用于海员健康教育干预的效果。方法选择2019年在舟山市指定的2家医院进行船员健康体检的海员628名作为研究对象,采用整群随机抽样法分为两组,不同方法进行营养健康干预1年,随后于2020年与2021年期间再次进行健康体检,两组在体检时分别进行膳食营养状况调查。结果在干预后,干预组海员谷薯杂豆类、蔬菜类、水果、大豆及坚果的每日摄入量明显高于对照组海员,食用油每日摄入量明显低于对照组海员,蛋白质每日摄入量明显高于对照组海员,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后干预组的体检结果异常检出率为76.0%,较干预前的92.0%明显降低(Z=-4.249,P<0.05)。Topsis法综合评价显示,干预组C_(i)值明显高于对照组且更接近于1。结论通过对海员进行营养KAP干预,海员膳食营养状况及体检结果得到改善,营养KAP干预可有效保障海员健康。

Objective To evaluate the effect of nutritional health knowledge,attitude and practice theory on seafarers’health education intervention.Methods A total of 628 seafarers who underwent health check-up in two designated hospitals in Zhoushan in 2019 were selected as subjects.They were divided into two groups by cluster random sampling method.Nutritional health intervention with different methods was conducted for one year,followed by another health check-up in 2020 and 2021.Dietary nutritional status survey was carried out in both groups during physical examination.Results After intervention,the daily intake of grain,potato,mixed beans,vegetable,fruit,soybean and nut in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group,while the daily intake of edible oil in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The daily protein intake of sailors in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).The abnormal detection rate of physical examination results after intervention was 76.0%,significantly lower than that before intervention(92.0%)(P<0.05).Topsis comprehensive evaluation showed that the C_(i)value of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group and closer to 1(P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary nutritional status and physical examination results of seafarers can be improved by nutritional KAP intervention.Nutritional KAP intervention can effectively protect seafarers’health.