土地流转、农村剩余人口及其社会保护

Land Circulation,Rural Surplus Population and its Social Protection

农地“三权分置”改革释放的制度效应,加快了农村土地流转的进程,使农地资源进一步向新型农业经营主体集中。在此背景下,乡村既有的利益格局被搅动,农村剩余人口的生计受到冲击。本文尝试建构土地流转的人口分析范式,从家庭束缚和人力资本两个维度,将农村剩余人口划分为相对剩余人口和绝对剩余人口两种不同类型,阐释他们与土地结合而形成的生计模式,即“范围经济”和“老人农业”,在此基础上,分析资本下乡促成的土地规模流转如何重塑他们的生计。最后从社会政策的角度,提出如何完善社会保护体系,构建多元化的就业格局,以缓解因土地规模流转对农村剩余人口造成的生计压力。

The institutional effect released by the reform of"Separation of Three Rights"of rural land has accelerated the process of rural land circulation and further concentrated agricultural land resources to new agricultural business entities.Based on this background,the existing interest pattern in the countryside is stirred up and the livelihood of the rural surplus population has been impacted.This paper attempts to construct a demographic analysis paradigm of land circulation.From the two dimensions of family bondage and human capital,rural surplus population is divided into relative surplus population and absolute surplus population.The paper explains the livelihood model formed by their combination with land,namely"economics of scope"and"elderly agriculture",On this basis,it analyzes how the large-scale land circulation facilitated by capital going to the countryside reshapes their livelihoods.Finally,from the perspective of social policy,the paper proposes how to improve the social protection system and build a diversified employment pattern to alleviate the livelihood pressure caused by the large-scale land circulation on the rural surplus population.