中原城市群人口老龄化空间分异及应对策略

Spatial Differentiation and Countermeasures of Population Aging in Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration

人口、资源和环境是影响经济社会可持续发展最基本的因素,人口老龄化已成为中原城市群发展面临的重要问题.选取综合老龄化指数、老龄化率、老年人口变化趋势和非老年人口变化趋势等指标,研究2000-2020年中原城市群人口老龄化空间特征,并提出应对策略.结果表明:(1)中原城市群人口老龄化类型区可分为4个大类、6个亚类及10个小类,集聚老化型和残留老化型占绝大多数,绝大多数研究单元进入老龄化社会,菏泽-南阳一线两侧老龄化程度分异明显.(2)自然增长率偏低、人口平均预期寿命延长及社会经济发展相互交织是人口老龄化程度不断加深的主要影响因素.(3)中原城市群应该从提高人口自然增长率、促进社会经济发展、构建完善的养老服务体系和养老保障体系等方面应对日益突出的人口老龄化问题.

Population,resources and environment are the basic factors affecting the sustainable development of economy and society.Moreover,population aging has become an important issue for the development of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration.The paper selects indicators,including the aging index,aging rate,the changing trend of the elderly population and non-elderly population,to study the spatial characteristics of population aging in Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration from 2000 to 2020,and puts forward corresponding countermeasures.The results are as follows.The Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration is divided into 4 major categories,6 subclass and 10 sub categories of population aging areas.In all types,the agglomerative aging type and residual aging type account for the vast majority.Most units in Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration have entered the aging society.The degree of aging on both sides of Heze-Nanyang line is obviously different.The low natural growth rate,the extension of the average life expectancy of the population and social and economic development are the main inducing factors for the increasing degree of population aging.Therefore,the measures,such as increasing the natural growth rate of the population,promoting social and economic development,and building a perfect pension service system and pension security system are the basic strategies to deal with the increasingly prominent problem of population aging.