突发公共卫生事件不同阶段中公众应对行为生成机制与引导策略研究

Generative Mechanisms and Guiding Strategies of Public Response Behaviorsin the Different Stages of Public Health Emergency

以新冠肺炎为例研究突发公共卫生事件不同阶段公众应对行为产生机制并提出针对性引导策略,对于突发公共卫生事件的应急管理具有重要意义。采集疫情期间热点微博及其评论文本,借助Python初步处理数据,利用扎根方法对数据进行开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码。研究发现,在突发公共卫生事件初、中、后期三个阶段,公众行为主要呈现出“风险规避—风险应对与群际行为—前景判断决策”的规律,各阶段的引导侧重点应落在“信息沟通—风险控制与群际协作关系构建—积极前景唤起”。疫情初期,公众接收信息后形成风险认知,采取风险规避行为,引导公众理智规避风险的基础是准确的风险预警和真实信息的高效传递;疫情中期,公众启动风险-群际的双信息处理路径,此时,多元主体紧密协作,科学控制疫情有助于正面引导公众应对行为;疫情后期,公众基于未来展望态度选择对应行为,通过唤起个体未来生活信心可促进其积极行为的发生。

In this paper,COVID-19 is taken as an example to study the generative mechanisms of public re‐sponse behaviors in the different stages of public health emergency,along with the corresponding guidance strat‐egies,which are of great significance to the emergency management of public health emergencies.With the hot news and comment texts collected from Weibo during the epidemic,this paper uses Python to process these data preliminarily and utilizes the grounded method to encode the obtained data,which includes open coding,axial coding and selective coding.The results show that in the early,middle and late stages of public health emer‐gency,the public behaviors mainly present a low of risk aversion,risk response and intergroup behavior,and prospect judgment decision.Correspondingly,the focus of public behavior guidance in each stage lies on infor‐mation communication,risk management and intergroup cooperation building,positive prospect arousing.Spe‐cifically,during the initial stage,the public acquired risk awareness after they received the risk information,then adopted the evasive response.The basis of guiding the public to avoid risks rationally lies in the accurate warn‐ing of risk and the efficient transmission of real information.In the middle stage of epidemic,the public initiated the dual information processing path of risk-intergroup.At this period,close cooperation between multiple sub‐jects and controlling the epidemic risk scientifically are conducive to guiding the public behaviors positively.During the late stage,people chose the corresponding behaviors based on their attitudes towards future outlooks.Arousing individual's confidence in future life is an effective way to promote the occurrence of positive behav‐iors.