基于斜置环形Halbach永磁轮的磁浮列车“悬浮-导向-推进”一体化方案设计

Levitation‒guidance‒propulsion integrated design for maglev trains based on oblique ring Halbach permanent magnet wheels

基于永磁电动悬浮的原理,将Halbach环形永磁轮和导体板顺时针旋转后倾斜布置,提出一种实现磁浮列车“悬浮-导向-推进”一体化方案。首先,采用ANSYS Maxwell有限元仿真软件对斜置永磁轮的三维力特性进行分析,仿真结果表明:对于单个外径为200 mm的永磁轮,倾斜角度应不小于60°,从而保证浮重比大于5.5,此时仍可获得310 N的推进力和380 N的导向力。然后,进一步分析了永磁轮三维力随工作气隙、导体板厚度和电导率的变化规律:随着工作气隙变大,三维力均呈下降趋势;随着导体板厚度和电导率的增加,悬浮力和导向力先增加后饱和,驱动力则先增大后减小。基于上述分析结果,给出了新型磁浮列车“悬浮-驱动-推进”一体化的概念模型设计,并对更大直径、宽度的磁轮进行了计算分析,结果表明:直径250 mm永磁轮的磁场利用率最大,磁场利用率和磁轮宽度的变化呈正相关。相关的研究工作是对永磁电动悬浮理论的应用和拓展,能够有效降低磁浮列车系统的建设成本,为“悬浮-导向-推进”一体化的新型磁浮列车设计提供参考。

In this paper,a levitation,guidance and propulsion integrated design was proposed for maglev trains on the principle of permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension,in which the Halbach ring permanent magnet wheels and conductor plates were tilted after clockwise rotation.Firstly,the three-dimensional force characteristics of the oblique permanent magnet wheel were analyzed with the ANSYS Maxwell finite element simulation software.According to the simulation results,for a single magnetic wheel with an outer diameter of 200 mm,the oblique angle should not be less than 60 degrees to ensure a buoyancy-weight ratio greater than 5.5 and generate a corresponding propulsive force of 310 N and guiding force of 380 N.Further analysis involved the variation law of the three-dimensional force of the magnetic wheel with the working air gap,conductor plate thickness and conductivity.The three-dimensional force decreased with increasing working air gap.With the increase of the thickness and conductivity of the conductor plate,the suspension force and guiding force increased until reaching saturation,while the propulsion force increased first and then decreased.Based on the above analysis results,a new conceptual model of the levitation,guiding and propulsion integration was presented for maglev trains,and the magnetic wheels with larger diameters and widths were calculated and analyzed.According to the results,the magnetic field utilization rate is the maximum when the diameter is 250 mm in diameter,and the utilization rate is positively correlated with the change in the magnetic wheel width.Applying and extending the permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension theory,the study results can be applied to effectively reduce the construction cost of maglev train systems and provide a reference for the design of new maglev trains with integrated levitation,guidance and propulsion.