儿童腹型过敏性紫癜的超声诊断研究进展

Research Progress of Ultrasonography Diagnosis of Abdominal Allergic Purpura in Children

过敏性紫癜好发于儿童时期,是较为普遍的毛细血管变态反应性疾病。该病患儿多伴有消化道症状,约有2/3的病例出现,一般表现为腹痛,腹痛特点多为阵发性绞痛,同时伴呕吐及血便,临床称之为腹型过敏性紫癜。尤其在皮肤紫癜前出现的腹型过敏性紫癜易误诊为小儿常见急腹症,为减少误诊率,及早诊断儿童腹型过敏性紫癜,现就儿童腹型紫癜的受累肠管位置及肠壁厚度、肠壁分层、周围肠系膜回声改变、肠壁微血管变化、周围淋巴结肿大与否等几方面行超声技术综述。

Allergic purpura is likely to occur in childhood,and is a common capillary allergic disease.Patients with this disease are usually accompaniedby gastrointestinal symptoms,which can be found in about 2/3 of the cases.The symptom is generally manifestedasabdominal pain,characterized by paroxysmal colic and accompanied by vomiting and bloody stools,and is clinically known as abdominal allergic purpura.The disease is easily misdiagnosed as a common acute abdomen in children,especially before the occurrence of skin purpura.To reduce the misdiagnosis rate and to diagnose abdominal allergic purpura in children as early as possible,this article reviews the ultrasound techniques of abdominal purpura in children with regard to the location of the affected intestinal canal and intestinal wall thickness,intestinal wall stratification,peripheral mesenteric echogenic changes,microvascular changes in the intestinal wall and surrounding lymph node enlargement.