细菌溶解产物泛福舒作用机制及防治呼吸系统疾病应用进展

Mechanism of Bacterial Lysates Broncho-Vaxom and Its Application Progress in the Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory System Diseases

目的探讨细菌溶解产物泛福舒在呼吸系统疾病、新冠病毒感染治疗的临床应用现状。方法计算机检索PubMed、万方、维普数据库自建库起至2022年6月的相关文献,整理并分析泛福舒的作用机制,以及在小儿、老年呼吸系统疾病和新冠病毒感染防治中的应用。结果共纳入65篇文献。泛福舒作用机制为通过肠黏膜摄取M细胞,激活黏膜免疫系统,多途径强化固有免疫(抗原呈递细胞、自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞)和适应性免疫(T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞),增强机体抵抗力。泛福舒可减少复发性呼吸道感染、哮喘、复发性扁桃体炎等小儿呼吸系统疾病的患病风险;作为辅助用药通过调节老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者机体免疫功能,增强自身抗感染能力;可下调细胞中新冠病毒N1基因的表达,上调维甲酸诱导基因蛋白I(RIG-I)DDX58基因(抗病毒反应相关基因)的表达,加快巨噬细胞中Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN-Ⅰ)信号反应,修饰宿主细胞膜蛋白和特异性的糖胺聚糖来减少刺突蛋白与上皮细胞的结合。结论泛福舒可有效防治呼吸系统疾病,对新冠病毒感染的防治具有潜在价值。

Objective To investigate the clinical application of the bacterial lysates Broncho-Vaxom in the treatment of respiratory diseases and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods The relevant studies in the PubMed,WanFang,and VIP databases from the inception of the database to June 2022 were searched.The mechanism of Broncho-Vaxom,and its application in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases and COVID-19 in children and the elderly were sorted out and analyzed.Results A total of 65 studies were included.The mechanism of Broncho-Vaxom is that it activates the mucosal immune system through intestinal mucosal M cell uptake,strengthens the innate immunity(antigen presenting cells,natural killer cells,macrophages)and adaptive immunity(T lymphocytes,B lymphocytes)in multiple ways,and enhances the body's resistance.Broncho-Vaxom can reduce the risk of pediatric respiratory diseases such as recurrent respiratory tract infections,asthma,and recurrent tonsillitis.As an adjuvant drug,Broncho-Vaxom can enhance the anti-infection ability of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)by regulating their immune function.Broncho-Vaxom can down-regulate the expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)N1 gene in cells,up-regulate the expression of retinoic acid-induced gene proteinⅠ(RIG-Ⅰ)DDX58 gene(antiviral response-related gene),accelerate the signal response of typeⅠinterferon(IFN-Ⅰ)in macrophages,modify host cell membrane proteins and specific glycosaminoglycan to reduce the binding of spike proteins to epithelial cells.Conclusion Broncho-Vaxom can effectively prevent and treat respiratory diseases,and has potential value for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.