太原市孕妇血浆和尿液中必需微量元素含量分布及影响因素

Essential trace element concentrations and distribution in blood and urine of pregnant women in Taiyuan and influencing factors

目的 了解太原市孕妇孕期血浆和尿液中钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、硒8种必需微量元素(essential trace elements,ETEs)含量分布特点,并探讨孕妇生活习惯、饮食情况等因素的影响。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,于2018年8月—2020年1月在太原市某医院招募提供过血液和/或尿液样本的孕妇302人。使用电感耦合等离子质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定血浆和尿液中8种ETEs的含量。采用问卷调查法收集孕妇的生活习惯、饮食情况等信息。建立单因素和多因素广义线性模型(generalizedlinearmodel, GLM),以评估通过问卷调查获得的变量对每个元素含量的影响。结果 ETEs含量在不同基质中的分布不同,铬与铜两种元素在孕妇血浆中含量高于尿液含量;钒、锰、钴、锌、硒元素在孕妇尿液中的含量高于血浆中含量。铜(rs=0.22,P<0.01)、钴(rs=0.16,P<0.01)在两种基质中的含量成正相关,硒(rs=-0.13,P<0.05)在两种基质中的含量成负相关。调整其他可能影响因素后,在血浆基质中,孕妇被动吸烟与铬含量成正相关(β=3.88,P<0.05)。孕前BMI值与铜含量成正相关(β=188.17,P<0.05)。在尿液基质中,经常进食杂豆、牛羊肉与锌含量均成负相关(β=-451.03、-804.60;P<0.05)。硒的含量与进食豆类及制品成负相关(β=-11.79, P<0.05)。结论 ETEs在不同基质中含量不同,在实际工作中应根据目标元素的分布特点选择有代表性的基质作为检测样本。在保健工作中,可通过采取改变生活方式和饮食习惯来帮助孕妇维持体内ETEs的适当含量,促进孕期健康。

Objective To observe the concentrations of 8 essential trance elements(ETEs)in plasma and urine of pregnant women in Taiyuan and to discuss the influencing factors.Methods 302 pregnant women who had blood and/or urine samples at a hospital in Taiyuan from August 2018 to January 2020 were recruited by convenient sampling method.The concentrations of 8 trace elements including vanadium(V),Chromium(Cr),Manganese(Mn),cobalt(Co),Nickel(Ni),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn)and selenium(Se)in plasma and urine were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information of general demographic characteristics,lifestyles,eating habits,etc.Univariate and multivariate generalized linear models(GLM)were established to evaluate the influence of variables obtained from the questionnaire on the concentration of each element.Results The distribution of ETEs varied in plasma and urine samples.The concentrations of Cr and Cu in plasma were higher than that in urine,while the levels of V,Mn,Co,Ni,Zn,Se in urine of pregnant women were higher than those in plasma.The concentrations of Cu(rs=0.22,P<0.01),Co(rs=0.16,P<0.01),(rs=−0.13,P<0.05)were significantly correlated in plasma and urine.After adjusting for other factors,in plasma matrix,passive smoking was positively correlated with Cr level(β=3.88,P<0.05)and BMI before pregnancy was positively correlated with Cu concentration(β=188.17,P<0.05).In urine matrix,regular consumption of beans,beef and mutton was negatively correlated with Zn concentration(β=−451.03,−804.60;P<0.05)and the concentration of Se was negatively correlated with consumption of legumes and products(β=−11.79,P<0.05).Conclusions The concentrations of ETEs vary in different matrices,so appropriate matrices should be selected as detection samples according to the distribution characteristics of target elements.In health care,changes in lifestyle and dietary habits may help pregnant women to maintain the proper concentration of ETEs and promote the health of pregnancy.