“无家可归”的孤儿与作为天职的科学韦伯科学观中的精神气质问题

Homeless Orphan and Science as a Vocation:Ethos of Science in Max Weber’s Thoughts

本文从施特劳斯的著名断语出发,在广义现象学社会学的传统中,通过分析韦伯的文本,发现韦伯在对于清教徒所做的具有“沉郁”色彩的关于理性化的历史分析中,就已经将清教徒描述成为一种不同于施特劳斯判断的“无家可归的孤儿”形象。这一形象具有“精神分裂症”之意义的形式结构被韦伯理解为“内在亲和力”关系。这一形象和相应的形式结构在韦伯后来的中西文明比较研究中变得更加明确,也存在于他的社会科学方法论著作中,并且成为他所理解的科学、尤其是社会学的精神气质,是“科学作为天职”的内在要求。对于这一亲和力的发掘既有助于我们深入理解韦伯思想及其社会学观,也有助于我们思考中国社会科学的主体性建设问题。

Starting from the famous opinion of Leo Strauss on Weber,and based on works in the tradition of general Phenomenological Sociology,this paper tries to analyze Max Weber’s thoughts on Science and Homelessness.Through an analysis sober analysis of the protestant in terms of the historical analysis of rationalization,Weber describes Calvinist Puritans as an image of homeless orphan.The meaningful structure within this image is similar to“schizophrenia”,but it is understood by Weber as a relationship of innere Verwandtschaft.This image and its corresponding structure are further clarified in Weber’s later comparative study on civilization between China and European civilization.Similarly,this homeless orphan image of protestant and the corresponding structure are also in his works on the methodology of social science,and become the required ethos of science,especially for sociology as he understood it.This“understanding”resonates with modern society,modern university system and the production of modern knowledge.It has its origin in its own civilization.Finally,this paper argues that Weber’s understanding of science and vocation,reflected in his lecture on Science as a Vocation,has this image of homeless orphan and structure of affinity as its essential inner substance.From the comparative perspective of home and homeless,this paper argues that,in Weber’s thoughts,there is an intrinsic affinity between the image of homeless orphan and science as a vocation.Studies on this affinity offer an important clue for us to understand Weber’s thoughts and to reflect the subjectivity building of China’s social science.