北京市朝阳区东风地区学龄前儿童龋病变化动态分析

Dynamic analysis on dental caries status among preschool children in Dongfeng community of Chaoyang District in Beijing

目的了解北京市朝阳区东风地区2018—2021年间3~5岁学龄前儿童患龋状况变化情况,为学龄前儿童龋病的预防和干预提供数据基础。方法参照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查龋病诊断标准,2018—2021年每年4月对社区内所有幼儿园3~5岁学龄前儿童进行口腔检查,分析3~5岁各年龄组乳牙患龋率、乳牙龋均(dmft均数)等各相关指标的年度变化情况。结果2018—2021年3~5岁年龄组的乳牙患龋率从51.71%下降到44.90%,乳牙龋均(dmft均数)从2.20下降到1.82。2018年,3岁、4岁、5岁的乳牙患龋率分别为39.02%、54.02%、65.23%,乳牙龋均(dmft均数)分别为1.46、2.40、2.91。2021年,3岁、4岁、5岁的乳牙患龋率分别为34.02%、47.93%、53.06%,乳牙龋均(dmft均数)分别为1.14、1.92、2.47。在5岁的患龋儿童中,2018—2021各年度患龋数量第1位的均为2颗,其占比幅度最少为2018年的21.23%,最多为2019年的30.33%。最近3年(2019—2021)患龋发生牙的前3位均依次为右上Ⅰ(13.7%~16.2%)、左上Ⅰ(12.5%~14.9%)和左下Ⅳ(7.7%~8.7%)。结论2018—2021年3~5岁儿童患龋率和龋均(dmft均数)均呈下降趋势。本研究中3~5岁儿童的龋患水平,低于全国和北京市同龄儿童平均患龋水平,提示近年来针对本地区儿童口腔疾病的干预措施可能起到了有效的防控作用。

Objective To investigate the changes of dental caries status among preschool children aged 3~5 years old in Dongfeng community,Chaoyang District,Beijing from 2018 to 2021,and to provide the data for prevention and intervention of caries in preschool children.Methods All children aged 3-5 from kindergartens in Dongfeng community were selected,and oral examinations were carried out in April every year from 2018 to 2021.Caries was diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the 4th National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey.The annual changes of related indicators including caries rates and average caries of deciduous teeth(dmft mean)were analyzed.Results From 2018 to 2021,the caries rate of deciduous teeth in children aged 3-5 years old decreased from 51.71%to 44.90%,and the average caries of deciduous teeth(dmft mean)decreased from 2.20 to 1.82.In 2018,the caries rates of deciduous teeth at the age of 3,4,and 5 were 39.02%,54.02%,and 65.23%,and the caries average of deciduous teeth(dmft mean)were 1.46,2.40,and 2.91,respectively.In 2021,the caries rates of deciduous teeth at the age of 3,4,and 5 were 34.02%,47.93%,and 53.06%,and the caries average of deciduous teeth(dmft mean)were 1.14,1.92 and 2.47,respectively.Among 5-year-old children with caries from 20182021,the most common number of carious teeth were 2.The proportion of two-caries children was lowest in 2018(21.23%)and highest in 2019(30.33%).In the past three years(2019-2021),most susceptible teeth of caries were the upper right central incisor(13.7%-16.2%),the upper left central incisor(12.5%-14.9%)and the lower left first molar(7.7%-8.7%).Conclusion From 2018 to 2021,the prevalence of caries and the average caries(dmft mean)in children aged 3-5 showed a downward trend.The children caries status in this study was lower than that of the same age in China and Beijing.It is suggested that the intervention and prevention for children's oral diseases in this region may be effective.