口腔黏膜色素沉着的研究进展

Research progress of oral mucosal pigmentation

口腔黏膜色素异常包括色素沉着和色素减退两大类,其中色素沉着最为常见。口腔黏膜色素沉着主要由于内源性和外源性因素。内源性多因全身系统性疾病造成,例如口腔黑斑、色素痣、恶性黑色素瘤、色素沉着息肉综合征、Lau-gier-Hunziker综合征、艾迪生病、多发性骨性纤维发育异常、黑棘皮病、血红蛋白沉着症和胆红素沉着症等;外源性因素包括重金属、文身、吸烟、药物及炎症后色素沉着。本综述主要阐述口腔黑斑、色素痣、恶性黑色素瘤、色素沉着息肉综合征、多发性骨性纤维发育异常、黑棘皮病、血红蛋白沉着症、胆红素沉着症及药物所引起的口腔黏膜色素沉着,对其研究进展进行归纳总结,以利于临床医生更好的诊疗此类疾病。

Abnormal pigmentation of oral mucosa includes pigmentation and hypopigmentation,and pigmentation is the most common.The pigmentation of oral mucosa is mainly due to endogenous and exogenous factors.Endogenous diseases are normally caused by systemic diseases,such as oral melanoplakia,pigmented nevus,malignant melanoma,pigmentation-polyposis syndrome,Laugier-Hunziker syndrome,Addison Disease,multiple skeletal fibrous dysplasia,acanthosis nigricans,hemoglobinosis and bilirubinosis.Exogenous factors include heavy metals,tattoos,smoking,drugs and post-inflammation pigmentation.This review mainly describes oral melanoplakia,pigmented nevus,malignant melanoma,pigmentation polyposis syndrome,multiple skeletal fibrous dysplasia,acanthosis nigricans,hemoglobinosis,bilirubinosis and drug-induced pigmentation of oral mucosa,and summarizes their research progress for better diagnosis and treatment in such diseases.