桂东南某院2017年-2021年住院死因病例分析

Case Analysis of Inpatient Deaths in a Hospital in Southeast Guangxi from 2017 to 2021

目的分析某院2017年-2021年死亡病例的结构特点,了解居民的死亡情况,提高民众对疾病的认知与防控,为医院管理和资源合理配置提供依据。方法以国际疾病分类ICD-10为分类标准,采用Excel2007和SPSS18.0对某院2017年1月1日-2021年12月31日出院且转归为死亡的4291例住院病例的年度病死率、性别、年龄、死因进行统计分析,组间差异比较采用χ^(2)检验,变化趋势则采用χ^(2)趋势检验。结果5年内平均病死率为0.92%,年度病死率呈逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)=46.739,P<0.001)。死亡男女比例为1.95:1,男性住院患者病死率高于女性(χ^(2)=232.882,P<0.001)。60岁及以上老年人群病死率最高,住院患者的病死率随年龄组的增大而上升(χ^(2)=435.355,P<0.001)。死亡病例死因顺位首位为循环系统疾病,其次是肿瘤。结论老年人群的病死率及死亡占比最大,医疗机构应重点关注老年人群疾病的筛查与诊疗,同时加强对心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等慢性疾病的防治,加强健康知识的科普,提高民众健康素养,最大程度减少疾病负担与危害。

Objectives To analyze the structural characteristics of death cases in a hospital from 2017 to 2021,understand the death situation of residents,improve people's awareness of disease and prevention and control,and provide a basis for hospital management and resource allocation.Methods Annual case fatality rate,sex,age,and cause of death of 4,291 inpatients who were discharged from a hospital from January 1,2017 to December 31,2021 and were classified as dead were statistically analyzed and classified according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 using Excel2007 and SPSS18.0.Theχ^(2)test was used to compare the differences between groups,and theχ^(2)trend test was used for the changing trend.Results The average case fatality rate within 5 years was 0.92%,and the annual case fatality rate showed a downward trend year by year(χ^(2)=46.739,P<0.001).The male-to-female ratio of death was 1.95:1,and the case fatality rate of male inpatients was higher than that of female patients(χ^(2)=232.882,P<0.001).The case fatality rate of the elderly aged 60 and over was the highest,and the case fatality rate of hospitalized patients increased with age group(χ^(2)=435.355,P<0.001).Circulatory system diseases ranked first in the cause of death,followed by tumors.Conclusions Older people have the highest case fatality rate and proportion of deaths.Medical institutions should focus on the screening,diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the elderly population.At the same time,hospitals should also strengthen the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,tumors,strengthen the popularization of health knowledge,improve the health literacy of the public,and minimize the burden and harm of diseases.