调控细胞外囊泡生成和生物学功能方法的研究进展

Advances in strategies for regulating extracellular vesicle formation and biological function

细胞外囊泡(EVs)是一类由细胞旁分泌产生的亚细胞成分,能够向靶细胞递送蛋白质、核酸、脂质等多种生物活性分子来介导细胞间信号交流,调控靶细胞的生物学行为并使其发生相应的功能和表型改变,在生物医学领域具有巨大的潜在价值。然而非肿瘤细胞的EVs自然分泌量极低,难以达到临床的治疗剂量需求,并且随着供体细胞的衰老,EVs的分泌量急剧下降,其内容物的生物学功能也会发生难以控制的变化。因此,提高EVs分泌量并精确调控其生物学功能对于EVs在临床的应用推广具有重要意义。本文简要概述了细胞外囊泡的结构和形成过程,并对目前影响供体细胞生物学行为,促进EVs生成并强化所需生物学功能的方法及应用进行了详细阐述,望有助于给提高EVs的提取效率及EVs疗法在临床的应用推广提供新思路。

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are subcellular components produced by paracrine secretion,which can deliver proteins,nucleic acids,lipids and other bioactive molecules to target cells to mediate intercellular signal exchange,regulate the biological behavior of target cells and cause corresponding functional and phenotypic changes.It has great potential value in biomedical field.However,the natural EVs secretion of non-tumor cells is very low,which makes it difficult to meet the clinical therapeutic dose requirements.Moreover,with the aging of donor cells,the EVs secretion decreases sharply,and the biological function of its contents also changes uneasily.Therefore,it is of great significance for the clinical application and promotion of EVs to increase EVs secretion and accurately regulate its biological function.In this paper,the structure and formation process of extracellular vesicles are briefly summarized,and the methods and applications that affect the biological behavior of donor cells,promote the generation of EVs and enhance the required biological functions are described in detail,hoping to provide new ideas for improving the extraction efficiency of EVs and the application and promotion of EVs therapy in clinical practice.