天麻对贵州典型生境中土壤理化性质与肥力的研究

Study on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Fertility of Gastrodia elata in Guizhou

以种植天麻的土壤(TW)与未种植天麻的土壤(TB)为试材,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)等方法对TW和TB进行表征,研究了天麻种植土壤的理化性质与肥力,以期为天麻轮作模式提供新思路。结果表明:其主要矿物相组成是以SiO_(2)为主的高岭石,主要组成成分为SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O、MgO、CaO等,种植天麻前后土壤的结构特征无显著改变。对TW和TB进行肥力研究发现,TW较TB含水量均升高,而pH则无显著差异,除木本丰富度高的4号德江沙溪土壤外,TW的土壤有机质含量(SOM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷等含量较TB均有上升的趋势;全钾含量除2号德江石柱丫土壤外,其它的TW全钾含量较TB均有降低的趋势,速效钾1号和2号德江石柱丫TW含量高于TB,其它土壤速效钾含量相反,说明种植天麻在一定程度上提高了土壤的肥力。通过聚类分析发现Y1与Y3的壳斗科林为同一类群,Y2、Y5和Y6的杂木灌木混杂林与松树林为同一类群,而Y3的杂木林为同一类群,可见木本类型与木本的丰富程度均是影响土壤肥力的重要因素。该研究可以为天麻连作障碍现象探究和轮作作物选择提供数据支撑。

The physical and chemical properties and fertility of soil planted with asparagus(TW)and soil not planted with asparagus(TB)were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF),in order to provide reference for asparagus crop rotation patterns.The results showed that the main mineral phase composition was kaolinite dominated by SiO_2,and the main components were SiO_2,Al_2O_3,Fe_2O_3,K_2O,MgO,CaO,etc.The structural characteristics of the soil before and after planting asparagus did not change significantly.Fertility studies on TW and TB showed that the water content of TW increased compared to TB,while pH did not differ significantly,except for the soil of 4 in Dejiang Shaxi with high woody richness,the contents of SOM,CEC,total N,total P,alkaline decomposed N and avaiable P in TW increased compared to TB;the contents of total potassium decreased compared to TB in TW except for the soil of 2 in Dejiang Shizhuya.The trend of fast-acting potassium was higher than that of TB in Dejiang Shizhuya No.1 and No.2 TW,while the other soils had the opposite content of fast-acting potassium,indicating that planting asparagus had improved soil fertility to some extent.The clustering analysis revealed that Y1 and Y3 had the same taxon of Chitonaceae forest,Y2,Y5 and Y6 had the same taxon of mixed woody-shrub forest and pine forest,while Y3 had the same taxon of mixed woody forest,which showed that both woody type and woody richness were important factors affecting soil fertility.This study could provide data to support the exploration of the phenomenon of continuous crop barrier in aspen and the selection of crop rotation.