地理与植被因子对云贵高原仿野生栽培天麻的影响

Effects of Geographical and Vegetation Factors on the Imitation of Wild Cultivated Gastrodia elata in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

以天麻为试材,采用仿野生栽培的方法,研究了海拔、坡度、坡向等地理因子和郁闭度、植被类型等植被因子对云贵高原仿野生栽培天麻的产量及生长发育的影响,以期为天麻仿生栽培和生产提供参考依据。结果表明:新麻总产和箭麻产量受海拔、坡度、坡向、郁闭度、植被类型的影响,不同海拔中,1800 m的最大,分别为912 g和659 g;不同坡度中,30°~50°陡坡地的最大,分别为588 g和481 g;不同坡向中,南坡的最大,分别为1266 g和947 g;不同植被中,乔木林的最大,分别为624 g和397 g;不同郁闭度中,40%郁闭度的最大,分别为815 g和540 g,30%郁闭度的次之,分别为634 g和494 g。海拔1200~1800 m、0°~50°坡度、东南西北各个坡向、乔木林或灌木林或乔木灌木混交林、30%~70%郁闭度均可进行天麻仿野生栽培,但以海拔1800 m、坡度0°~30°、坡向为南坡、乔木林、郁闭度30%~40%的环境为最适宜环境。

To explore the suitable habitat for wild simulated cultivation of Gastrodia elata in Yunna-Guizhou Plateau.Taking Gastrodia elata as test materials,the growth and development of Gastrodia elata were studied by field experiment.The results showed that the maximum output of 1800 m was 912 g and 659 g respectively in different altitudes.The maximum output of 30°-50°steep slope was 588 g and 481 g respectively in different gradient.In the study of different slope directions,the south slope was the largest,1266 g and 947 g respectively.In the study of different vegetation,the largest was arbor forest,which was 624 g and 397 g respectively.In the study of different canopy degrees,40%canopy degrees were the largest,815 g and 540 g respectively,followed by 30%canopy degrees,634 g and 494 g respectively.The simulated wild cultivation of Gastrodia elata could be carried out at an altitude of 1200-1800 m,a gradient of 0°-50°,any slope directions,arbor or shrub forests or mixed forest of arbor and shrub,and a canopy degrees of 30%-70%.But the environment with the altitude of 1800 m,slope of 0°-30°,slope direction as the south slope,arbor forest,30%-40%canopy density was the most suitable environment.