社会批判理论的两种进路:霍耐特与弗雷泽之比较

Two Approaches to Social Critical Theory:a Comparison between Honneth and Fraser

对资本主义进行时代诊断,一直是批判理论言说著述不可回避的重要议题。面对这一时代重任,以霍耐特和弗雷泽为代表的法兰克福学派第三代进行了深入研究:霍耐特以自由正义论作为分析范式,对资本主义社会的“不自由”加以考察,并试图通过重组民主公共领域以实现超越。弗雷泽则通过一种“前景--背景式”二元结构体系,在拓展传统资本主义概念的同时揭示其系统性危机,并提出通过边界重组实现超越。二者对资本主义的批判与超越,可被视为对学派理论传统的继承和发展,并在一定程度上丰富了马克思主义的批判理论。

The diagnosis and criticism of capitalism has always been an unavoidable and important issue in critical theory and discourse.Faced with the heavy responsibility of criticizing and transforming capitalism in the21st century,the third generation of the Frankfurt School,represented by Honneth and Fraser,has conducted indepth research,but the critical paradigms of the two are not the same.Honneth takes social freedom as the normative core,believes that capitalism in the field of social action leads to the wrong development of individual freedom,and tries to achieve its transcendence by reorganizing the democratic public sphere.Through a"foregroundbackground"binary structural system,Fraser reveals its systemic crisis on the basis of expanding the traditional concept of capitalism,and proposes to achieve transcendence through the institutional reorganization of the social order.Their criticism of capitalism and the conception of socialism can be regarded as the inheritance and development of the social theory of the school,and to a certain extent,the enrichment of Marxist critical theory.