中微量元素肥料不同用量对水稻产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Amounts of Medium and Microelement Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Rice

为探究中微量元素肥料不同用量对水稻生长发育、产量及品质的影响,为水稻的合理使用肥料奠定基础。本试验以‘天隆优619’和‘盐丰47’两个水稻品种为试验材料,共设置4个不同中微量元素肥料施用量处理,分别为CK(0 kg/hm^(2))、T_(1)(15 kg/hm^(2))、T_(2)(30 kg/hm^(2))和T_(3)(45 kg/hm^(2)),测定并分析水稻干物质积累、光合速率、产量和品质指标。结果表明,施用中微量元素肥料后,水稻的产量、有效穗数和穗粒数均有不同程度的提高,其中619-T_(2)和47-T_(2)的产量分别提高了19.15%和18.45%,与CK相比差异显著;光合速率与CK相比差异显著,619-T_(2)和47-T_(2)在齐穗期和灌浆期分别提高8.40%、10.62%和9.84%、8.77%;在品质方面,糙米率、精米率、整精米率呈现增加的趋势;直链淀粉含量呈现降低趋势,蛋白质含量呈现增加的趋势。综上,施用量为30 kg/hm^(2)的中微量元素肥料效果显著,经济效益最大,促进植株SPAD值和叶面积指数增加,提高光合效率和干物质积累量,进而提高水稻的产量,改善品质。

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational fertilizer application of rice,this experiment explored the effects of different amounts of medium and microelement fertilizers on the growth,yield and quality of rice.Two rice varieties‘Tianlongyou 619’and‘Yanfeng 47’were used as experimental materials.And four different medium and microelement fertilizer application treatments were designed,which were CK(0 kg/hm^(2)),T_(1)(15 kg/hm^(2)),T_(2)(30 kg/hm^(2))and T_(3)(45 kg/hm^(2)).And dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic rate,yield and quality were measured and analyzed.The results showed that the yield,effective panicle number and grains per panicle had an increasing trend with medium and microelement fertilizer treatments,and the yields increased by 19.15%and 18.45%in 619-T_(2) and 47-T_(2),respectively,which were significantly different compared with that of CK.Photosynthetic rate of 619-T_(2) and 47-T_(2) was significantly different from that of CK,which increased by 8.40%and 10.62%at full heading stage and 9.84%and 8.77%at filling stage,respectively.In terms of rice quality,the brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head milled rice rate had an increasing trend,the amylose content of rice showed a decreasing trend,and the protein content showed an increasing trend compared with those of CK.In conclusion,the application of 30 kg/hm^(2) medium and microelement fertilizers have significant effects and maximum economic benefits,which can increase plant SPAD value and leaf area index of rice leaves and enhance photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter accumulation of rice plants,thus improving the yield and quality of rice.