2010—2021年宁夏彭阳县人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Pengyang County of Ningxia from 2010 to 2021

目的了解宁夏彭阳县人间布鲁氏菌病(简称“布病”)疫情特点。方法对2010—2021年传染病报告信息管理系统中宁夏彭阳县人间布病资料进行回顾性分析。结果2010—2021年全县共报告488例布病病例,全县12个乡镇均有病例报告。2010—2013年属散发,2014年以后报告发病率呈上升趋势(P<0.05),2017年发病率为35.69/10万(71例)、2021年发病率为81.61/10万(131例)出现两个高峰期,2021年报告发病率较2018年增长了271.29%。报告病例数居前五位的乡镇分别为交岔乡71例(14.55%)、小岔乡56例(11.48%)、王洼镇54例(11.07%)、孟塬乡50例(10.25%)和红河乡49例(10.04%)。报告男性病例341例(69.88%),女性病例147例(30.12%),男性年均发病率(41.27/10万)高于女性(17.28/10万)。病例主要以30~60岁中青年(394例,80.74%)、农(牧)民(397例,81.35%)为主。全年各月均有发病,3~8月份为发病高峰期(306例,62.70%)。结论宁夏彭阳县人间布病疫情严峻复杂,流行具有明显的地区、人群、季节特征,病人多表现为发热。建议严格落实《彭阳县布鲁氏菌病防治专项三年攻坚行动实施方案(2022—2024年)》,加强羊只免疫与畜间疫情监测,开展高危人群健康宣教,做好人间疫情监测预警,对病人做到“三早”,及时处置布病暴发疫情,有效遏制布病增长态势。

Objective To investigate the current epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control work.Methods The data of brucellosis in Pengyang County from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System from 2010-2021was retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 488 cases of human brucellosis were reported in the County(involving 12 towns).It was sporadic from 2010 to 2013,the reported incidence showed an upward trend(P<0.05)after 2014,the data presented two peaks in 2017(35.69/100,000)and 2021(81.61/100,000),the reported incidence in 2021 increased by 271.29%compared to 2018.The top five towns were Jiaocha 71(14.55%),Xiaocha 56(11.48%),Wangwa 54(11.07%),Mengyuan 50(10.25%)and Honghe 49(10.04%),respectively.A total of 341 male cases(69.88%)and 147 female cases(30.12%)were reported.The average incidence of male cases(41.27/100,000)was higher than that in females(17.28/100,000).The main cases were 30-60 years old people(394 cases/80.74%)and farmers(397 cases/81.35%).Cases were found in all months throughout the year,with the peak incidence from March to August(306 cases,62.70%).Conclusion The human brucellosis epidemic in Pengyang County is severe and complex,and the epidemic presents obvious regional,population and seasonal characteristics.It is suggested to strictly implement the implementation plan of special three-year action for brucellosis prevention and control of pengyang county(2022-2024).It should strengthen sheep immunization and livestock epidemic surveillance and carry out health education for high-risk groups,and strengthen monitoring and early warning for human epidemics,achieve“three early mornings”for patients,handling timely for brucellosis outbreaks to curb the growth of brucellosis effectively.