谷子产量与降雨量及其主要农艺性状的关系

Relationship between millet yield and rainfall as well as its main agronomic traits

根据谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)品种豫谷18在河南省南阳市近5年的田间表现,研究降雨量与谷子产量的关系,通过相关性分析和主成分分析法分析谷子产量的影响因素,以期为南阳市谷子的高产栽培技术提供科学依据。结果表明,影响谷子产量的因子从大到小依次为降雨量、穗粒质量、单穗质量、穗粗、穗长、千粒质量、生育期、日照时数、出谷率、株高、穗数;其中产量与降雨量、千粒质量、生育期和株高呈负相关,与降雨量的相关性达显著水平(P<0.05),产量与其他指标呈正相关,与穗粒质量和单穗质量的相关性达显著水平(P<0.05)。降雨量与单穗质量、穗粒质量、穗长、穗粗等谷子主要农艺性状呈负相关;降雨量多时,单穗质量、穗粒质量、穗长、穗粗等农艺性状变小,且谷瘟病、细菌性褐条病等病害发生重,最终导致产量降低。因此,在南阳市种植谷子时应选择地势高、地势平坦、不易积水的地块或丘陵岗坡地;降雨量多的年份要防治谷瘟病和细菌性褐条病。

Based on the field performance of millet(Setaria italica Beauv.)variety Yugu 18 in Nanyang City,Henan Province in the past five years,the relationship between rainfall and millet yield was studied.The influencing factors of millet yield were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis in order to provide a scientific basis for high-yield cultivation techniques of millet in Nanyang City.The results showed that the factors affecting millet yield from large to small were rainfall,ear grain mass,single ear mass,ear diameter,ear length,1000-grain weight,growth period,sunshine hours,grain emergence rate,plant height and number of ears.Among them,the yield was negatively correlated with rainfall,1000-grain mass,growth period and plant height,and the correlation with rainfall reached a significant level(P<0.05);the yield was positively correlated with other indicators,and the correlation with ear grain mass and single ear mass reached a significant level(P<0.05).Rainfall was negatively correlated with the main agronomic traits of millet such as single ear mass,ear grain mass,ear length and ear diameter.When rainfall was high,the agronomic traits such as ear mass,ear grain mass,ear length,and ear diameter became smaller,and disease such as millet blast,and bacterial brown streak disease was severe,ultimately leading to lower yields.Therefore,a plot or hilly slope with high terrain,flat terrain and waterlogging resistance should be chosen when planting millet in Nanyang City.It is necessary to prevent millet blast and bacterial brown streak disease in years with high rainfall.