轰炸机飞行人员膳食结构与BMI的网络相关性分析

Network correlation analysis between dietary patterns and BMI in bomber aircrews

目的分析轰炸机飞行人员体质量指数(BMI)同膳食营养素摄入水平相关性,为轰炸机飞行人员提供膳食指导。方法选取50名轰炸机飞行人员,采用半定量食物频数方法(semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire,SQFFQ)进行膳食调查,评价营养素摄入情况,同时测量身高和体质量,并计算BMI。结果收回有效问卷31份,轰炸机飞行人员超重/肥胖(BMI≥24 kg/m^(2))10名(32.26%);膳食组成中除粮谷类、豆类及其制品外,其他类食物摄入不足;膳食营养素中碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的供能比,动物性蛋白质、动物性脂肪的构成比基本符合《军人营养素供给量》标准。轰炸机飞行人员膳食结构可分为两类,分别以粮谷类食物摄入为主(膳食模式1型)和肉禽水产类、豆类及其制品和蔬菜为主(膳食模式2型),膳食模式1型飞行人员超重/肥胖比例显著高于膳食模式2型飞行人员。网络相关性分析显示膳食模式1型飞行人员膳食结构不均衡,各类食物摄入呈现聚集性,其中粮谷类食物、富含蛋白类食物与BMI呈正相关。轰炸机飞行人员BMI与膳食总能量呈正相关(r=0.545,P=0.002),膳食模式1型飞行人员BMI与碳水化合物、胆固醇呈正相关(r=0.118、0.619,P=0.049、0.006),膳食模式2型飞行人员BMI与植物性蛋白、叶酸呈负相关(r=0.491、-0.469,P=0.039、0.050)。结论轰炸机飞行人员呈现两类膳食模式,不同膳食模式飞行人员BMI与食物和营养素摄入相关,因此需要针对不同膳食模式飞行人员进行个性化营养干预。

Objective To give dietary advice to bomber aircrew about obesity prevention by analyzing the correlations between BMI and intake levels of dietary nutrients.Methods 50 bomber aircrews were included in the study.The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(SQFFQ)was used to conduct a dietary survey.Height,weight and BMI were measured.Results A total of 31 valid questionnaires were collected and the incidence of overweight and obesity(BMI≥24 kg/m^(2))among the bomber aircrews was 10(32.26%).Dietary intakes of grain and cereal,dry legume and beans products were adequate.The proportion of energy from fat,proteins and carbohydrates,and the composition ratio of animal proteins and fat basically met the Dietary Allowances for Military Personnel.By using clustering analysis,the dietary patterns were assigned to two types:,the grain and cereal type(type 1),and the type of meat,poultry,aquatic products,beans and their products,and vegetables(type 2).Obesity and overweight were more prevalent in type 1.Network correlation analysis showed that type 2 had more balanced intakes of foods.Grain and other protein-rich foods were positively correlated with BMI.There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and total energy in the aircrews(r=0.545,P=0.002).Besides,BMI was positively correlated with carbohydrates and cholesterol in type 1(r=0.118,0.619,P=0.049,0.006),but negatively correlated with vegetable proteins and folic acid(r=0.491,-0.469,P=0.039,0.050).Conclusion There are two dietary patterns among the bomber aircrews.The BMI of aircrews of different dietary patterns is correlated with intakes of foods and nutrients.Therefore,personalized nutritional interventions are needed for aircrews with different dietary patterns.