基于层次分析法的网约配送员就业质量评价研究

A Study on the Employment Quality of Online Delivery Workers Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process

采用层次分析法,基于Kalleberg的就业脆弱性理论构建网约配送员的就业质量评价指标体系,利用长沙地区外卖骑手的调查数据,对网约配送员的就业质量进行综合评价。结果显示,外卖骑手就业质量评价总分偏低,其中收入指标得分最高,非工资福利、社会保险指标得分最低。对比研究表明,专送模式相比众包模式,美团公司相比其他公司,年轻骑手相比年长骑手,前者的就业质量均比后者的低。基于研究结论,提出完善网约配送员的社会保障机制、增加对网约配送员的关怀、增强制度的灵活性和兼容性等建议。

Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Kalleberg’s Employment Vulnerability Theory,a job quality evaluation index system for online delivery personnel is constructed.Using survey data from takeout riders in Changsha,a comprehensive evaluation of the job quality of online delivery personnel is conducted.The results showed that the overall score of employment quality evaluation for delivery riders was low,with the highest score in income indicators and the lowest score in non-wage welfare and social insurance indicators.Comparative studies have shown that compared to the crowdsourcing model,Meituan Company has lower employment quality for young riders compared to older riders com‐pared to other companies.Based on the research findings,suggestions are proposed to improve the so‐cial security mechanism for online contracted delivery personnel,increase care for them,and enhance the flexibility and compatibility of the system.