《白象似的群山》中的失语症分析

On the Aphasia in Hills Like White Elephants

海明威的对话体短篇小说《白象似的群山》体现了作者用语言表现失语、用对话表现沉默、用交流表现“非交流”的高超的对话艺术。在男女主人公关于堕胎手术的交谈中,女主人公在一系列跳跃性的话题中闪烁其词,通过话题之间横向的隐喻联系来表达自己的情绪和观点,而男主人公则表现出对隐喻的排斥,固着于语言纵向的线性逻辑,导致交谈陷入困难。在交流不畅时,男女双方并没有试图建立共享代码,通过元语言来清除交流障碍,而是把自己封闭在各自的喃喃自语中。两人言语行为分别表现出相似性紊乱失语症和邻近性紊乱失语症的特点。男女主人公的这种“非交流”是美国20世纪初理想主义和现实之间的碰撞和冲突的真实写照。

Mountains Like White Elephants,Hemingway’s short story of dialogue style,reflects the author’s superb dialogue art of using language to express aphasia,using dialogue to express silence,and using communication to express“non-communication”.In the conversation between the male and female protagonists about abortion surgery,the female protagonist evades her words in a series of jumping topics,expressing her emotions and opinions through horizontal metaphorical connections among the topics,while the male protagonist shows a rejection of metaphors and is stuck in the linear logic of language,leading to difficulties in the conversation.When communication is not smooth,both of them do not attempt to establish shared code and clear communication barriers through metalanguage,but instead confine themselves to their own murmurs.The speech act of the two persons showed the characteristics of similarity disorder aphasia and proximity disorder aphasia respectively.The“non-communication”of the male and female protagonists is a true portrayal of the collision and conflict between idealism and reality in the early 20th century in the United States.