创新现代师范人才培养的实践:德国教师教育质量行动研究

Innovative Practical Experience of Modern Teachers’Training:A Study on the Quality Action of Teacher Education in Germany

德国教师教育质量行动作为全方位多角度的现代师范培养模式,被称为德国“教师培训的里程碑”。该行动下设四大核心目标任务及由此衍生的八项具体任务指标,经过两轮资助周期的选拔和运行,行动已汇聚了优质的高校师范资源从而形成了均衡化、规模化和全面化的发展形态。从体系层次及保障机制来看,该行动在宏观治理层面由政府机构予以政策引导和优化保障、在中观组织层面由院校主体形成资源保障和机制创新、在微观实施层面由各子项目负责应对需求及人才锻造。以哥廷根大学主导的“施洛泽教师教育项目”为典型个案可以发现,该行动在融通多学科、包容多样性、拓展教学力等方面具有综合性、全纳性和实践性等特征。借鉴德国教师教育质量行动,应当从拓展以项目制为形式的发展框架、开辟以“揭榜挂帅”方式汇集优质高校开展同频培养、突出多元化、跨学科、综合性的教学内容和思考等展开。

The teachers’education quality action plan in Germany is an all-round and multi-angle modern teacher training model,which is known as the milestone of teacher training.The action plan consists of four core goals and eight specific task indicators.After two running rounds,it has gathered high-quality university teaching resources to form a balanced,large-scale,and comprehensive development pattern.The study of the action from the perspective of the system level and guarantee mechanism reveals that government agencies provide policy guidance and guarantees at the macro-level,the university forms resource guarantee and mechanism innovation at the meso-level,and each subsidiary program is responsible for responding to demand and forging talents at the micro-level.The Schlosser Teacher Education Program by the University of Gottingen is a typical case with the characteristics of comprehensiveness,inclusiveness,and practicality in integrating multiple disciplines,accommodating diversity,and expanding teaching capabilities.It should be used for reference by expanding the development framework in the form of the project system,opening up the method of revealing the list and taking command to gather high-quality colleges and universities to carry out simultaneous training,highlighting diversified,interdisciplinary,and comprehensive teaching content and thinking.