如何有效提高家庭农场的全要素生产率--基于上海市松江区家庭农场数据的实证分析

How to Effectively Improve the Total Factor Productivity of Family Farms:An Empirical Analysis Based on Survey Data of Family Farms in Songjiang,Shanghai

研究目的:基于上海松江区家庭农场的调查数据计算家庭农场的全要素生产率,离析出影响家庭农场全要素生产率的关键因素,据以提出有针对性的措施。研究方法:Global Malmquist和混合Tobit模型。研究结果:(1)2007—2017年,全部家庭农场全要素生产率指数为1.0773,其中,纯效率变化指数为0.9984、技术变化指数为1.0750、规模效率变化指数为1.0072;纯粮食种植型家庭农场全要素生产率指数为1.0619,纯效率变化指数为0.9896,技术变化指数为1.0719,规模效率变化指数为1.0046;其他类型家庭农场全要素生产率指数为1.0817,其中,纯效率变化指数、技术变化指数和规模效率变化指数分别为1.0279、1.0490和1.0140。(2)总体水平上,农场主是否有农业从业经历、是否有农机驾驶证、土地经营权合同年限、是否购买农机作业正向影响全部家庭农场的全要素生产率,但不同类型家庭农场全要素生产率的影响因素存在差异。研究结论:虽然松江家庭农场全要素生产率增长速度较快,但仍然存在一定的提升空间。为此,需要提高家庭农场劳动力素质,切实保障好家庭农场的土地经营权,健全农机社会化服务体系,引导家庭农场走适度规模经营之路,有针对性地制定多样化的农业补贴政策。

The purposes of this study are to measure total factor productivity and to analyze its influencing factors,to propose effective measures for improving total factor productivity of family farms,based on the survey data in Songjiang,Shanghai.The research methods of Global Malmquist and pooled Tobit model are employed.The results show that:1)between 2007 and 2017,the total factor productivity index of all family farms was 1.0773.In particular,the pure efficiency change index was 0.9984,the technical change index was 1.0750,and the scale efficiency change index was 1.0072.The total factor productivity index of pure grain farms was 1.0619.In particular,the pure efficiency change index was 0.9896,the technical change index was 1.0719,and the scale efficiency change index was 1.0046.The total factor productivity index of other types of family farms was 1.0817.In particular,the pure efficiency change index,technical change index and scale efficiency change index were 1.0279,1.0490 and 1.0140,respectively.2)In general,farm owners’experience in farming,a machinery driving license,the contract period of land operational rights and purchasing machinery operations positively affect the total factor productivity of all family farms.However,there are differences in the factors of total factor productivity of different types of family farms.In conclusion,although the growth rate of total factor productivity of family farms in Songjiang is high,it still remains to be improved.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the quality of family farm labor,effectively protect the land operational rights of family farms,improve the agricultural machinery service system,guide family farms to operate on an appropriate scale,and formulate diversified agricultural subsidy policies in targeted manners.