大数据背景下患者医疗信息的刑法保护

Criminal law protection of paptients medical information in the context of big data

数据化背景下,仅注重患者医疗信息的高效率利用而轻视其安全保护,会引发严重的生理信息安全风险,侵害患者的隐私权、财产权等个人法益以及以医疗信赖关系为代表的社会法益。目前刑法对医疗信息的保护存在行为方式规定不合理、情节认定重视定量而忽略定性等问题,无法有效且合理地应对医疗信息处理全过程中存在的各种风险。故应在反思现实困境的基础上,对医疗信息刑法保护制度予以完善,合理界定刑法规制范围并建立起层级保护的特殊保护体系,实现适当开发利用以增进社会福利与个人安宁生活不受侵犯的平衡。

In the context of big data,paying too much attention to the efficient use of patients medical information and despising its security protection will lead to serious risks to the security of physiological information,infringing on patients privacy and property rights and other personal legal interests,as well as social legal interests represented by medical trust relationships.At present,the protection of medical information in the criminal law has problems such as unreasonable rules of conduct and emphasis on quantitative rather than qualitative determination of circumstances.It is impossible to effectively and reasonably deal with various risks in the whole process of medical information processing.Therefore,on the basis of reflection on the real dilemma,we should improve the criminal law protection system for medical information,reasonably define the boundaries of criminal law,and establish a special protection system for hierarchical protection,so as to achieve reasonable development and utilization to enhance social welfare and personal peace of life.balance.