体温计知识及诊断技术在近代中国的传播与应用

The Dissemination and Application of Thermometer Knowledge and Diagnostic Technology in Modern China

19世纪末,体温计作为西方医学发展出的新型医疗器具被广泛应用于临床。体温计知识及诊断技术也是西方医学在华传播的重要内容之一,梳理并探讨了其在近代中国的传播途径和应用过程。中医界对于体温计及诊断技术则表现出既接纳又排斥的复杂态度。受中西汇通思想的影响,中医医家将“衷中参西”观念贯彻于诊疗模式,以体温计可以精确测知体温变化之长协助中医临床的辨证。虽然对于“传统”中医四诊诊断模式而言,体温计的应用不免会破坏其传统性,但也在不断受到西医新的诊疗器具与诊断技术的挑战中寻求传承与发展。

In the late 19th century,as a new medical instrument developed by Western medicine,the thermometer was widely used in clinical practice.Thermometer knowledge and diagnostic technology was also an important part of the dissemination of Western medicine in China.This paper reviews and discusses the ways of its spread and application in modern China.The Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)community showed mixed attitudes towards thermometers and diagnostic techniques,with an open and exclusive posture at the same time.Influenced by the idea of integrating Chinese and Western medicine,TCM practitioners applied it into the diagnosis and treatment mode.Thermometers can accurately measure the temperature changes to assist TCM clinical syndrome differentiation.Although the application of thermometer will inevitably destroy the tradition of the"traditional"four diagnostic methods in TCM,it is also seeking inheritance and development in the challenges of the new diagnostic instruments and diagnostic techniques of Western medicine.