马克思历史唯物主义视域下的生产关系

Relations of Production from the Perspective of Marx’s Historical Materialism

马克思通过对黑格尔法哲学原理中“国家至上”命题的批判,重新“颠倒”了国家同市民社会的位置顺序,强调市民社会才是构成国家的绝对基础,并从市民社会出发,阐述了凝结于市民社会中的生产力和生产关系的矛盾才是推动人类历史演进的根源性力量,决定着囊括经济基础和上层建筑等物质联系在内的其他社会抵牾,贯穿着社会历史发展的始终。同时,马克思基于生产力和生产关系的矛盾联系,揭批了资本主义因其天生具备着不可调节的内在矛盾,其必然为共产主义所代替而走向灭亡的命运,从而宣告全人类的自由和解放,实现了对资本主义生产关系下资本剥削和压迫赋性的历史唯物主义批判,为全面剖析当代资本主义的生产关系及其内在抵牾提供了科学指南。

By criticizing the proposition of“state supremacy”in Hegel’s philosophy of law,Marx reverses the order in the position of the state and civil society,and emphasizes that civil society is the absolute foundation of the state.From the perspective of civil society,Marx expounds that the contradiction between productive forces and productive relations in civil society is the root force that drives the evolution of human history,and determines other social contradictions including the material relations such as economic foundation and superstructure,run through the development of social history.At the same time,based on the contradiction between productivity and production relations,Marx exposes and criticizes capitalism that because of its inherent,irreconcilable,internal contradictions,must be replaced by communism and doomed to the fate of extinction,and thus declares the freedom and liberation of all mankind.The statement realizes the criticism of historical materialism on the exploitation and oppression of capital under the capitalist relations of production,and provides a scientifi c guide for the comprehensive analysis of the contemporary capitalist relations of production and its inherent contradiction.