杜威·佛克马与世界文学研究

Douwe Fokkema and World Literature Studies

在国际学界关于世界文学问题的讨论中,学者们一般都要引证美国学者莫瑞提和戴姆拉什的著述和观点,但是却忽视了在他们之前就已经涉猎世界文学问题的学者佛克马。实际上,早在上世纪80年代,佛克马就发表了一些文章,广泛涉猎了世界文学问题,并与当时颇受热议的文学经典的构成和重构等问题相关联。佛马克由于早年所受过的汉学训练和后来又受到的西方文学理论训练,从一开始从事比较文学研究就摆脱了西方中心主义的束缚,自觉地进行跨文化比较研究。他对世界文学问题的涉及始自对后现代主义文学的研究:他不仅在自己主编的多卷本《用欧洲语言撰写的比较文学史》“后现代主义分卷”中邀请中国和其他国家的学者撰写有关章节,而且还在晚年专门研究了中国当代的后现代主义文学,并发表了相关论文,从而将后现代主义当作一种国际性的世界文学艺术思潮来考察。此外,他还与时俱进地涉猎了新世界主义的建构,并将中国儒学中的世界主义因子作为参照进行重构。这些都是他在世界文学研究中的跨文化理论建树。

In the discussion of world literature in international academic circles,scholars usually quote the works and views of American scholars like Franco Moretti and David Damrosch,but they seem to ignore the contributions made by such a European scholar as Douwe Fokkema,who had before them been dabbling in world literature issues.In fact,as early as the 1980s,Fokkema had already published a number of articles,covering a wide range of world literature issues,and was involved in the discussion of literary canon formation and reformation and other relevant issues.Because of his early training in Sinology and later attainments in Western literary theory,Fokkema broke away from Western-centrism when he began his comparative literature studies,consciously carrying out cross-cultural comparative studies of literature.His involvement with world literature began with a study of postmodern literature,in which he not only invited Chinese and other non-Western scholars to write chapters in the volume on postmodernism edited by himself and Hans Berten as one volume of The Comparative History of Literature in European Languages,but,in his later years,he devoted himself to the study of contemporary Chinese postmodern literature and published an essay on the subject,thus viewing postmodernism as an international trend of thought in world literature and art.In addition,he also dabbled in the construction of a new cosmopolitanism with the times,and reconstructed cosmopolitan elements from China’s Confucianism as a reference.All the above constitute his cross-cultural theoretical contributions to the study of world literature.