埃塞俄比亚帝国末期土地制度改革析论(1930-1974)

Analysis on Land System Reform atthe Last Stage of Ethiopian Empire (1930-1974)

埃塞俄比亚帝国末期,内外交困的海尔·塞拉西政权希望通过土地制度改革走上现代化道路。这是后发展国家在不具备新制度所要求的生产力条件时,由外来资本主义因素和本国政府共同推进的土地制度改革。一方面,由于埃塞俄比亚帝国生产力落后,制度变迁所能内化的潜在外部利润有限;另一方面,在弱国家能力的束缚下,帝国政府既不具备在北方强行推进土地制度改革的实力,也无力在南方的改革中减少的投机行为和通过再分配补偿受损者。最终,这场土地制度改革走向了失败,不仅多次引发北方省份的叛乱,而且给南方农民造成了巨大的生存危机。

Beset with troubles internally and externally in the situation at last stage of Ethiopian Empire,Haile Selassi sought to modernize the country through land system reform.This is a land system reform jointly promoted by foreign capitalist factors and domestic government,when an underdeveloped country didn’t have productivity conditions necessary for new system.On the one hand,due to backward productivity of the Ethiopian Empire,potential external profits internalized by system transformation is limited.On the other hand,constrained by weak state capacity,imperial government is lack of strength to promote land system reform in the north,and reduce speculative behavior and compensate the persons who suffered the loss in the reform of the south.Finally,this land system reform came to grief,which set off a chain of revolts in northern provinces and caused survival crisis to southern farmers.