雪松挥发性有机物成分分析及动态变化特征研究

Component Analysis and Dynamic Change Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in Cedrus deodara

【目的】选取世界著名的庭园观赏树种之一雪松(Cedrus deodara),开展植物源挥发性有机物(biogenic volatile organic compounds,BVOCs)排放特征及有益组分分析实验,为城市绿地植物配置及生态康养功能发挥提供理论参考。【方法】采用动态顶空套袋法与热脱附-气相色谱-质谱联用法(TDS-GC-MS),对雪松不同时期释放的挥发性有机物成分及相对含量变化特征进行研究。【结果】结果表明,7—11月雪松挥发性有机物共鉴定出114种化合物,包含烷烃类、烯烃类、芳香烃类、醛类、醇类、酮类、酯类、其他类共8类。从月变化来看,7月化合物数量最多,共鉴定出64种;10月最少,仅检测出47种化合物,夏季化合物数量明显高于秋季。烯烃类化合物占比始终最大,相对含量均超过70%,生长季内趋势为逐渐升高,因此是雪松释放的主要成分。从日变化来看,雪松挥发物中烯烃类物质整体呈现“两峰三谷”型变化趋势,其相对含量下午高于上午。雪松枝叶释放的BVOCs中有多种对人体健康有益的烯烃类,其中(-)-β-蒎烯、(+)-α-蒎烯、(+)-柠檬烯等占比较高,这些成分均具有一定的保健功效。【结论】雪松是营造保健型园林景观的理想树种。

【Objective】Cedrus deodara,one of the world's famous garden ornamental tree species,was selected to conduct experiments on the emission characteristics and beneficial components of biogenic volatileorganic compounds(BVOCs),providing a theoretical reference for urban green space plant configuration and ecological and recreational functions.【Method】The composition and relative content of volatile organic compounds released from plants were observed and analyzed by dynamic headspace and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TDS-GC-MS).【Result】The results showed that 114 compounds were identified from volatile organic compounds of C.deodara from July to November,including alkanes,alkenes,aromatics,aldehydes,alcohols,ketones,esters and other compounds.From the aspect of monthly characteristic,the number of compounds in July was the highest,with 64 species identified.Only 47 compounds were detected in October.The number of compounds in summer was significantly higher than that in autumn.The proportion of alkenes is always the largest,and the relative content is more than 70%with the gradually increasing trend in the growing season.Therefore,alkenes are the main components of the BVOCs release.In the daily change detection,the overall trend of alkenes in C.deodara volatiles showed a'two peaks and three valleys'type.Overall,the relative content of alkenes in the afternoon was higher than that in the morning.There are a variety of alkenes that are beneficial to human health in the BVOCs released by C.deodara branches and leaves,among which(−)-β-Pinene,(+)-α-Pinene and(+)-Dipentene account for a high proportion.These components have certain health benefits.【Conclusion】Therefore,C.deodara is an ideal tree species for creating healthy landscape.